Fruit of the Spirit

IYWCC Impact Studies Rediscovering the Holy Spirit Lesson 6: Fruit of the Holy Spirit David Jones, Teacher I. INTRODUCTION: Talking with Christians about the Holy Spirit can sometimes get pretty confusing. Last week we studied the specific â€Å"gifts† of the Holy Spirit – which to an outsider sounds like the Holy Spirit might have something in common with Santa Claus. This week we study the â€Å"fruit† of the Holy Spirit, which sounds like the Holy Spirit might have something in common with an fruit tree. How would you explain the difference between the gifts of the Holy Spirit and the fruit of the Holy Spirit? . Gifts are about what we do 2. Fruit is about who we are Let's dive into our study of the Bible and find out! II. LIMITS OF OUR FLESH Galatians 5:16-17 â€Å"This I say then, Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfil the lust of the flesh. For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to th e other: so that ye cannot do the things that ye would. † We know, then, that the indwelling Spirit wars against the desires of our flesh. What is the desire of the Spirit?It is the desire of the Holy Spirit to produce, or bring forth, fruits of righteousness in us as a result of His presence. He desires to truly transform us from the inside out. Philippians 1:10, 11 â€Å"That ye may approve things that are excellent; that ye may be sincere and without offence till the day of Christ; Being filled with the fruits of righteousness, which are by Jesus Christ, unto the glory and praise of God. † These fruits of righteousness that result from the indwelling Spirit are termed the fruit of the Spirit. 1. There Is Nothing Good That Can Come From Our Flesh.There is a simple and vital law that God has established in the natural world: Genesis 1:11, 12 â€Å"And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, w hose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so. And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good. † In other words:  · Orange trees give rise to orange trees.  · Apple trees give rise to apple trees.  · Wheat plants give rise to wheat plants. Tomato plants give rise to tomato This sinful flesh does not bring forth righteousness – it brings forth sin! Romans 7:18 â€Å"For I know that in me (that is, in my flesh,) dwelleth no good thing: for to will is present with me; but how to perform that which is good I find not. † 2. What Comes From The Flesh’s Fruit? (Galatians 5:19-21). â€Å"Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, Idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, Envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such like:† Religion only serves to mask or whi tewash these evil works – it cannot bring orth the fruits of righteousness. Even the most righteous works are tainted with pride and self-righteousness. 3. Anything Good In Our Lives Is A Result Of The Work Of The Spirit. â€Å"Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery,†¦But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, Meekness, temperance:† If nothing good can come from our flesh, then it is clear that any good fruit produced in our lives is the result of the inner workings of the Holy Spirit. Just as the sinful flesh brings forth sin, the Holy Spirit will bring forth holiness and righteousness.John 6:63 â€Å"It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you, they are spirit, and they are life. † 4. It Is Our Duty To Submit To The Spirit And Allow Him To Bring Forth Fruit. â€Å"It is not without design, evidently, that the apostle uses the w ord â€Å"Spirit† here, as denoting that these things do not flow from our own nature. The vices above enumerated are the proper â€Å"works† or result of the operations of the human heart; the virtues which he enumerates are produced by a foreign influence—the agency of the Holy Spirit. Hence, Paul does not trace them to our own hearts, even when renewed.He says that they are to be regarded as the proper result of the Spirit’s operations on the soul. † (Barnes) 5. God Is Very Interested In Bringing Forth Righteous Fruit In Our Lives: John 15:16 â€Å"Ye have not chosen me, but I have chosen you, and ordained you, that ye should go and bring forth fruit, and that your fruit should remain: that whatsoever ye shall ask of the Father in my name, he may give it you. † Romans 7:4 â€Å"Wherefore, my brethren, ye also are become dead to the law by the body of Christ; that ye should be married to another, even to him who is raised from the dead, th at we should bring forth fruit unto God. The source of good works is not a reformed or renewed human heart – it is the person of the indwelling Holy Spirit. It is our part to die to self and yield to the Spirit so that He can produce His fruit in us. John 12:24 â€Å"Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit. † III. NOW, WHAT ARE THE FRUIT OF THE SPIRIT? 1. Inward Fruit That Effects My Relationship To God (Godward) A. Love. Colossians 3:14 â€Å"And above all these things put on charity, which is the bond of perfectness. † Love to God and to human beings.The Greek word agape means â€Å"unconditional love; benevolence. † Love forms the foundation for all the other fruit listed. Love seeks the better good of the one to whom it is directed.. B. Joy 1 John 1:4 â€Å"And these things write we unto you, that your joy may be full. † Joy is greater tha n happiness, for happiness is dependent upon circumstances, whereas joy depends upon an inward faith in the love and goodness of God. C. Peace. John 14:27 â€Å"Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid. †We are to enjoy peace in the midst of trials and persecutions, and peace among one another. An inner quietness and trust in God's sovereignty and justice, even in the face of adverse circumstances. 2. Inward Fruit That Effects My Relationships with Others (Outward) D. Longsuffering. 2 Timothy 3:10 â€Å"But thou hast fully known my doctrine, manner of life, purpose, faith, longsuffering, charity,patience,† Longsuffering may be defined as the ability to cheerfully endure an unbearable situation. It denotes the state of mind which can bear long when oppressed, provoked, insulted and injured. E. Gentleness.Titus 3:1, 2 â€Å"Put them in mind to be subject to princi palities and powers, to obey magistrates, to be ready to every good work, To speak evil of no man, to be no brawlers, but gentle, showing all meekness unto all men. † The word means goodness, kindness, benignity; and is opposed to a harsh, evil, cruel temper. It is mildness of temper, calmness of spirit, and an unruffled disposition. You might say, easy going. F. Goodness. Acts 10:38 â€Å"How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him. †A Christian must be a good man who does good to all. 3. Inward Fruit That Effects My Relationship To My Conscience (Inward) G. Faith. 1 Corinthians 4:2 â€Å"Moreover it is required in stewards, that a man be found faithful. † A Christian is to be a faithful man, faithful to his word and promises; faithful to His God and to His calling; faithful to those he loves and serves; A Christian is to be a man who can be trusted in. H. Meekness. Ephesians 4:2 â€Å"With all lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love;† Meekness is subdued strength, or power under control. Meekness does not equal weakness!Meekness is the reception of injuries with a belief that God will vindicate us, and it is the opposite of vengeance and retaliation. It is not easily ruffled, insulted, angered, or offended. I. Temperance. 2 Peter 1:5, 6 â€Å"And beside this, giving all diligence, add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge; And to knowledge temperance; and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness;† Temperance is self-control. It is derived from the Greek word meaning strength, and refers to the power which we have over passions of all kinds. It denotes the self-rule which a man has over the evil tendencies of his nature.The word temperance has often referred to abstaining from alcoholic drinks, but here it has a much wider meaning, implying chastity, s elf-government, restraint and moderation. The influences of the Holy Spirit on the heart make a man moderate and restrained, teaching him to restrain his passions and govern himself. IV. CONCLUSION The Spirit produces these character traits that are found in the nature of Christ. They are the by-products of Christ's control; we can't obtain them by trying to get them without his help. If we want the fruit of the Spirit to grow in us, we must align our lives to his John 15:4-5 – Remain in Me, and I in you.Just as a branch is unable to produce fruit by itself unless it remains on the vine, so neither can you unless you remain in Me. 5 â€Å"I am the vine; you are the branches. The one who remains in Me and I in him produces much fruit, because you can do nothing without Me. a. We must know him. b. We must love him. c. We must remember him. d. We must imitate him. To understand the fruit of the Spirit, we must see ourselves, not as individual trees, but as an entire garden unde r the cultivation of God's Spirit. His purpose involves not simply the production of a single kind of fruit but all the fruit, each becoming ripe as it is needed.

Only the second part of the assignment needs to be done which is the final individual share portfolio review. The company is Tesco.

Introduction This report will conclude on the performance of Tesco Plc. over the previous 5-months. Performance will be based on the share-price performance, company reports as well as a comparison between J Sainsbury Plc, Morrison Plc and U.S rival Wal-mart. Major Headwinds RemainPrice CompetitionGiven the current environment, aggressive competition in the UK grocery market is the greatest headwind to continued growth. According to Kantar Worldpanel (2014) Tesco continues to lose market-share as aggressive competition from discount brands Aldi and Lidl pushes greater emphasis on Tesco’s marketing and price strategy to retain custom as both competitors plans major expansion plans in the coming years. To add, major price competition from the likes of ASDA and now Morrison’s is gaining momentum once again, (BBC Business, 2014) [Online]. Morrison’s’ aggressive plan to spend GBP1bn on cutting prices over three years will put pressure on Tesco and other supermarket operators to respond in order to protect market share. This could accelerate margin erosion across the sector in 2014 Morrison’s price cuts are likely to be funded by planned cost savings and potentially by accepting a lower margin, (Fitch Rating, 2014). They are more aggressive than the GBP1bn initiative Asda announced in November, which at the time was to be spread over five years. To limit the impact on margins, retailers will probably respond by accelerating cost cutting initiatives and investment in product ranges and store formats. Tesco has the strongest margin, but this has been shrinking for several years, (Financial Times, 2014) [Online]. It may now be pushed to rethink its pricing in order to defend market share, which has come under pressure as evidenced by weak 2013 Christmas trading. Furthermore, the above could dampen CAPEX plans for the coming years.Rise of DiscountersAs mentioned, the recent Kantar Worlpanel (2014) report cemented the rise of Aldi and Lidl; however recent reports from Tesco have attempted to downplay the threat, with little success. The CEO referred to them a s ‘niche’ players, (Tesco, 2013). However, these players control 45% of the affluent German market and are market leaders in several other large countries. We would not compare the effectiveness and the threat posed by Aldi in 2014 with that posed by Kwik Safe (disappeared) in the 1990s. It is not an informative chart in our view. CAPEX remains strongCAPEX guidance was cut to a maximum of ?2.5bn per annum, in line with market expectations. Tesco plans to cut new space additions in the UK to 700,000 sq ft in 2014/15 from 1.4mn in 2013/14. CAPEX is shifting from new space to maintenance. Having invested ?400mn in the UK Refresh programme in 2013/14, the company plans to invest ?500mn per annum in each of the next three years. This is close to ?2bn in total to complete the programme. The priority for next year is re-modelling the Extra format where the sales performance is the weakest, (Tesco, 2013).Online growth MixedA lot of focus, as expected, has been put on the increa sing movement online. With Morrison’s considering and online platform, while Waitrose moves in with more products and free delivery. Tesco announced it will reduce the fee it charges for home delivery and click & collect. While it is good that the company aims to be competitive, excessive cuts in the delivery charge would reduce margins and also incentivise the customer to order smaller quantities more frequently, making the economics a lot less attractive. The delivery charge is a tool used to distribute demand among the different time slots and days of the week. Tesco unveiled ?127Million of trading profit from online grocery (?2.5bn sales), (Tesco, 2013), suggesting a 5% margin. According to the company, all direct costs are fully charged, that is the cost of the pickers and the delivery, (Tesco, 2013). This would not include things such as store depreciation, store energy costs, rates etc. Given this, on estimated 25Million annual orders of ?100 each, the delivery fee (?4-5 per order) would account for the great majority of profit. If this delivery fee is substantially cut, so will the profit obtained. Share Performance Graph – Share Price Performance of Selected Companies – 6-Month. Data obtained from Bloomberg (2014) [Online]. Focusing on share performance (Graph 1), over the previous 6-months, Tesco Plc is down by 18.3%, however performance is still between than W.M. Morrison and J Sainsbury, whose shares have fell by 24.2% and 19.9% respectively. Given this; the grocery sector has been a weak performer on the market, given that the FTSE 100 has risen by 2% over the same period. Weakness in the sector was seen on the 12th March (circled), after the market release from Kantar Worldpanel (2014). According to Kantar Worldpanel (2014), Tesco’s market share dropped to 28.7% in the 12 weeks ended March 2. That compares to 29.6% a year ago and is the lowest level since late 2004. Adding to the company’s woes, Tesco’s sales were down 0.6 percent in the three-month period. The main issue for investors was the movement of these sales to discounters Aldi and Lidl, plus upmarket grocer Waitrose. Morrison’s also loosened further to a share of 11.1% from 11.8% a year earlier, while ASDA, a subsidiary of Wal-Mart Stores eased to 17.5%, a 0.3 point fall Y-O-Y. Sainsbury’s was the only grocer among Britain’s ‘big four’ to hold on to its market share in the period, reaming at 17%, (Kantar Worldpanel, 2014). The report noted that the big-four where competing more for a shrinking ‘middle-ground’ as consumers move to either discounters or upmarket retailers – over the past 3-years, Waitrose, Aldi and Lidl have taken a combined 3.5 points from competition, equating to ?4.4Billion in sales per year, (Kantar Worldpanel, 2014). Taking an international look, while Wal-Mart did record a small drop on the 12th March, over the 6-month period its shares are up 3%, given its exposure to the U.S economy, which has been performing strongly, supported by consumer spending.SummaryWhile the recovery in the UK economy will present opportunities for Tesco Plc, given its exposure to consumer spending through an extensive product offering, major headwinds remain as the continued expansion of discounters pose a real threat, contrary to the thoughts of Tesco management. Furthermore the price-wars between major retailers commence once again for the shrinking middle-ground of the market, margins are expected to be hit. This has the potential to derail Tesco’s expansion plans, which will impact on future performance given aggressive competition. References BBC Business (2014) [Online]: Morrison’s restructuring sparks fears of new price war, UK, BBC News. Bloomberg (2014) [Online]: Share Price Data, Available at http://www.bloomberg.com/markets/, Accessed 27/03/2014. Financial Times (2014) [Online]: Tesco Plc, Available at http://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Summary?s=TSCO:LSE, Accessed 27/03/2014. Fitch Rating (2014): Morrison’s price cuts to pressure Tesco; margins at risk, UK, Fitch Ratings Agency. Kantar Worldpanel (2014): Unprecedented change in grocery retailing, UK, Kantar Worldpanel. Tesco (2013): Annual Review 2013, UK, Tesco Plc.

Labor Practices Paper Essay

Many companies are using sweat shops to manufacture their products at a much cheaper cost. However, there is a much deeper cost of using sweat shops then what can be placed in monetary value. I think it is time people begin to consider what sweat shops are doing to the people in this world and how dangerous they can be. Sweat shops may save companies money, but you do not want your company exposed on the news because your sweat shop in Bangladesh caught fire and killed 1,000 employees because fire safety regulations were not met. Sweat shops are used to describe a subcontracting system where the middle man earns profits from the margin between what they were paid and what they paid out to their workers. That margin is referred to be sweated from the employees due to them receiving minimal pay, working long excessive hours, and in unsafe, hazardous working conditions. Companies will find smaller, poorer countries that have little to no regulations as far as safety and pay go to establish these sweat shops in. They pay their employees as much in a month as what many of us would make in a day. They are also forced to work extensively long hours in conditions that are extremely hazardous to their health. There are a high number of easily preventable deaths every year due to these sweat shops not meeting safety and health regulations. The contractors and managers of these establishments are also notorious for  being highly abusive to their employees both mentally and physically. They would also target women and children for employment in sweat shops as they were manipulated much more easily than men. Also, they were much less likely to retaliate against the managers. Sweat shops often force people into working in these conditions. The people have no choice but to do so as they have families to take care of and without these sweat shops work would be placed elsewhere leaving them without any work at all. Many companies, especially in the clothing industry, are using these sweat shops to increase profits, lower cost to customer, and compete with other companies. Consumers still buy into the product regardless that it is made in such a dangerous environment where people lose their lives. There was an approximate total of 1,500 sweat shop garment worker deaths in 2012. However, companies are still using sweat shops because it does not affect the consumer’s choice to buy their product, their prices are decreased, and they are selling more product. Larger corporations and companies in other countries have paved the way for sweat shops. Other companies are beginning to play a hand in this as they are looking for ways to compete with the companies already doing so. Companies in other countries can easily influence other companies into placing sweat shops in their locations due to minimum safety and labor law requirements. Consumers should seriously consider researching the products you use and determining where they come from, how they were made, and what type of environment were they made in. Consumers should then stop purchasing items made from those companies using sweat shops to produce their product. Do you really think the shirt your wearing was worth 1,500 people dying in 2012? Laws should also be implemented that hold these companies responsible for these workers wages and working conditions. It is the contractor’s responsibility to do this so companies can easily hide behind these contractors. By enforcing these laws we would significantly reduce this problem. Companies still may chose to manufacture their product in another country but those workers would now be receiving adequate pay along with a  safe work environment without the long, extensive hours. In 1999, California passed Assembly Bill 633, which is a law that holds garment manufacturers and retailers responsible for employee wages and safety. I think it is understandable why companies chose to do this as they are trying to save money, however this can still be done without the use of sweat shops. Products can still be manufactured at a lower cost in other countries without forcing employees to work for inadequate pay and in unsafe conditions working long exhausting hours. Major retailers could really get the ball rolling for reducing the amount of sweat shops used. Smaller companies and the competition would no longer have to resort to sweat shops if they were able to compete with these major corporations that do use them. So, we should keep in mind next time we are clothes shopping at the mall. We should consider what products may have resulted in someone losing their life to manufacture. It’s true, sweat shops reduce costs. However, like I said at the beginning of this paper, it is a cost that cuts much deeper than anything that can be placed into monetary value. References: http://www.laborrights.org/industries/apparel https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~nshah/fashioncrimes/Sweatshops.html

Leadership Point of View Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership Point of View - Essay Example Though I have never met him personally in life, I have admired the way he runs his business and the impact of the influence that it has had in shaping the future of the corporate world. My purpose in life has been to achieve great in fulfilling my ambitions. Am an ambitious person who have set clear goals that I would like to achieve. Alongside my wish of becoming a leader in the corporate world, I would also like to strike a balance between being a business leader and a parent. I have created a life purpose statement, which I want to follow strictly. The life purpose statement is to care deeply, connect playfully, share generously, and love intensely. This will enable me to joyfully explore, learn and, grow and prosper. I also aim to be creative, brilliant, and honorably serve the highest good of all the people. I continue to follow this overtime, but generally, I feel it does a good job of summarizing what is important to me in life. I have set my core values in life, which I aim at following daily to fulfill my life purpose. One of them is to be caring. I aim to include compassion, kindness and generosity to achieve my caring attitude.my second core value is oneness. For me to achieve this core value, I must include unconditional love, connectedness, and harmony. Devotion is my third core value, which I aim at achieving. For me to achieve it I must include such characteristics as, passion, loyalty, and intensity. Fourthly, I aim to be intimate with myself and other people. I will achieve this though honesty, openness, and sharing with other people. In addition, I aim to explore more on various issues in life. I will achieve this through curiosity, leaning, and being adventures. I believe that leaders should be a source of motivation to other people. Leaders should lead others by setting examples of how they should be led. They should be understanding to their followers and teach them how to follow laid down guidelines. Moreover, leaders should be

Communications Studies - Analysis of the structural and cultural Term Paper

Communications Studies - Analysis of the structural and cultural forces that shape a particular media artifact - Term Paper Example ‘Fruitvale Station’ represents an American drama, which released in the year 2013. Ryan Coogler is the director and the writer of this particular story. Oscar Grant, the protagonist of the story did not deserve to have died. This statement pertains to be the central message of the movie. The film primarily dramatized the real case scenario of a young black man, who was shot dead by a white police in the year 2009 at Fruitvale Station. "Racism – and anti-black racism in particular – is the belief that there's something wrong with black people† is the cultural belief portrayed in the movie (Amnesty International, â€Å"USA's Record on Racial Discrimination under Scrutiny†). Oscar Grant as a protagonist reflects three dimensional characteristics of a black male. This is the reason that it can be regarded as one of the rarest artifacts within the American culture. The plot states that Grant was on a train returning to Oakland. Subsequently, he indu lged in fighting after encountering an enemy. Following this scenario, the police detained Grant at the Fruitvale Station and when Grant tried to confront the police regarding their abusive nature, one of them fired Grant on the back. This reflects the cultural dimension pertaining to racial discrimination. This movie conveys an apparent and uncalled for picture of racial discrimination in the United States. ... In the age of 21st century as well, the non-US nationals have been treated harshly on the grounds of discrimination by the US military. Moreover, on the grounds of disparities, it has also been noted that healthcare access and voting rights among others are also affected by racial discrimination amidst blacks and whites. Therefore, Ryan Coogler, the director has clearly been able to show the picture of discrimination within the US through his movie. This particular movie depicts the still prevalent scenario of racism in the US culture especially within the system and psychology of the people (Amnesty International, â€Å"USA's Record on Racial Discrimination under Scrutiny†). According to critics, the killing of the African-American men as depicted in the movie i.e. ‘Fruitvale Station’ conveys the politics, law, violence and racism prevailing within the US. Furthermore, the movie as an artifact aimed to show the world the real picture related to class, masculinity and also the relation existing between various people. It has been very strongly proclaimed in the movie about a black man irrespective of being a common person or a President gets affected by the popular culture and the psychology being practiced in America (Brevet, â€Å"The Tragedy that Inspired Fruitvale Station†). Social along with economic gaps have been greatly visualized within the blacks and whites, which is imbedded in the US culture since ages. Correspondingly, it has been observed that despite the implementation of civil rights and discrimination laws, race-based injustice and disparities continue to persist within the societal system of the US. This movie also relates the apparent inequality being shown by the US military over the non-US

Evaluation of the strategy of undertaken role-play Essay

Evaluation of the strategy of undertaken role-play - Essay Example As this was the first discipline after the company's introduction of Dignity at Work programme, utmost care was taken not to punish any employee without proper reason. The decision had to be made after considering the situation of such an incident, the character and the employment record of the accused. Role-play decided the existence of the employees in the company and their other increments. As a manager I had to make sure both the employees were given chance to express their opinion and the reason for such incident. The strategy of analyzing the employee's record was a commendable action, since it helped in analyzing the reason for the problem and also to know about the character of the employee. (Dubrin, 2008). The company has been supportive to its employees in all the situations and the decisions were made to suit the needs of the employees. This issue was handled by keeping in mind that it should not happen again. The strategy of examining the employee record helped in knowing that the employee's record is clear and he has not made such mistakes before. The major aim of the strategy was to make a decision depending on the employee's response. The strategy of the role-play was selected after analyzing the employee's future and the company's rules and regulations. The main idea of the strategy was to include the members from the human resource team. ... The strategy was planned in such a way that the employee was given a chance to explain the situation and to satisfy the members in the role-play. If he was found to be innocent the matter would be solved by simply interacting with both the employees. If the employee was found to be rude and does not accept his fault, the action has to be taken according to the discipline at work programme. As a manager I had to ensure that the discipline at work programme and its rules had to be maintained. In any case the company's policies had to be respected and the employees had to be treated according to the company's norms. The strategy included the interaction in the discipline interview. Since the decision was based on the employee's behavior at the time of the interview, the management did not have any idea how to resolve the issue. The interview was conducted according to the planned strategy. The planned strategy included the analyzing of employee's behavior and his approach towards the management's intervention with this problem. The interview was held with the employees, a union member and the important people of the management. According to the strategy, the interaction started with John explaining the reason for such behavior. During the interview the management was able to find that Norman had already been rude to John and this was an outcome of the torture that John experienced for a couple of months. The strategy was planned in such a way that the employees had to interact with the management and explain the reason for the incident.(Dubrin, 2008). The strategy of permitting John to accept his mistake and apologize was a sensible idea, as this will help in resolving the issue immediately. Another important aspect of the strategy was to take

Great Philosopher Aristotle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Great Philosopher Aristotle - Essay Example Aristotle had been very influenced by Plato although he did not agree with all his thinking, such as his theory of forms. As Michael V. Wedin claims in The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy â€Å"Aristotle early on developed a keenly independent voice that expressed puzzlement over such Platonic doctrines as the separate existence of Ideas and the construction of physical reality from two-dimensional triangles.† Aristotle replaced this with his own theory of substance and further elaborated this into his theory of knowledge via his thinking on sensation and reason and the way in which he linked these properties of â€Å"man†. He also formalized abstract thought when he developed his universal method of reasoning. Not only does Aristotle’s philosophy underpin much of today’s Western thought and politics, but it also lays the foundations to modern Scientific Method. His system of inferential logic, or syllogistic reasoning, or categorical logic, has remaine d the major logical system of the Western world for many centuries. As the online Stanford Encyclopaedia says, â€Å"Although today we recognize many forms of logic beyond Aristotle's, it remains true that he not only developed a theory of deduction, now called syllogistic but added to it a modal syllogistic and went a long way towards proving some meta-theorems pertinent to these systems.†In his Prior Analytics Aristotle says that a syllogism is â€Å"a discourse in which, a certain thing being stated, something other than what is stated follows of necessity from being so†.... Not only does Aristotle's philosophy underpin much of today's Western thought and politics, but it also lays the foundations to modern Scientific Method. His system of inferential logic, or syllogistic reasoning, or categorical logic, has remained the major logical system of the Western world for many centuries. As the online Stanford Encyclopaedia says, "Although today we recognize many forms of logic beyond Aristotle's, it remains true that he not only developed a theory of deduction, now called syllogistic, but added to it a modal syllogistic and went a long way towards proving some meta-theorems pertinent to these systems." (2) Aristotle's other achievements include the fact that he taught and influenced Alexander the Great. Although Aristotle is given credit for developing, again according to the online Stanford Encyclopaedia, "a systematic treatment of the principles governing correct inference" (2) the idea of sound argumentation existed before him. What he did that was so unusual was to "codify the formal and syntactic principles at play in ... inference". (online Stanford Encyclopaedia 2) In his Prior Analytics Aristotle says that a syllogism is "a discourse in which, a certain thing being stated, something other than what is stated follows of necessity from being so" (Aristotle 24b 18). Three kinds of syllogism have emerged: the categorical syllogism, the hypothetical, and the disjunctive syllogism. The study of Prior Analytics and of what constitutes a syllogism is necessary for an understanding of Aristotle's foundations to scientific knowledge. As David Ross points out in the online excerpt from his book Aristotle, "Whatever other conditions it must satisfy besides, science

Leadership Factors that are Needed to Deliver Organizational Success Research Paper

Leadership Factors that are Needed to Deliver Organizational Success - Research Paper Example Several qualities of the leaders like participatory nature, communicating ability and transparency make them front runners of the developmental process and they help the organization in keeping the efforts of the total team united and coherent which in turn would lead to highest quality output. Several theories also explain the way in which leaders aid in organizational success by dealing with odd situations and by providing contingency planning and strategic management. The successful leadership examples like Bill Gates of Microsoft Corporation and Donald John Trump of Trump illustrate that the leadership is an integrated process of leading from the front, dynamism, motivation, confidence, risk-bearing ability and participatory teamwork and hence they could make their organizations superior in the World and they become inspiring persons for the young people who would become leaders of the organizations in the future. Leadership is a vital component that decides the success of any organization. Leadership is nothing but the process of making a forward leap in decision making and guiding the other members of the team towards fulfilling the objectives of the organization or mission (Grey, 2009). The main factor that helps the organization through leadership is the infusion of the element of motivation in the minds of the team members because of which all the members would work with the highest level of energy and enthusiasm leading to the higher level of organizational efficiency. Leadership, in general, contributes to the success of an organization by making the team members more confident about the tasks performed in their jobs (Malphurs, 2006). This makes them more understandable with a higher level of clarity about the direction of operation of work for attaining the maximum productivity of the goods and services. Leadership also ensures a higher level of quality in the final products as it allows more free flow of information among the members and tries to minimize the element of error (Thompson and McHugh, 2009).

Analyse the scenario given and produce a report detailing your Essay

Analyse the scenario given and produce a report detailing your response to the below changes in business environment - Essay Example Keeping all these facts in mind the business environment on a macro level looks prosperous for the young entrepreneurs. The location of the business is at Seaford road which is a populous suburb of east Sussex with a population of over 23000 people and is home to educational institutions. Hence the key USP aligns with the local community aswell. Condition of The Business: The current cash flows of the StudentPizza Ltd are lower than what was estimated initially. The business has yet to return a turnover which was expected even after 5 months. Although the key point which they had identified while opening the business was quite valid and relevant that Students love pizza and keeping this in mind opening a restaurant with the target market as students was quite relevant. Working on their USP by attracting students and making it exclusive for students they have been able to retain students as their loyalist but have only managed to attract few customers from the locality. Also they are running out of investment and capital to run the business as the business has not returned profits as expected for 5 months. SWOT ANALYSIS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND STRATEGIES A detailed analysis of the business and its environment, strategies pertaining to them along with recommendations for executing these strategies is mentioned in detail in this section. Strategy Assessment: In order to asses, whether a particular organizational strategy is suitable for an organization it is important to conduct a SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis points out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the organization in question. To assess how effective an organizational strategy would be, it is very important to conduct a SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is an overall strategic planning methodology. It is used to assess a strategy from the point of view of its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It involves the business environment and the business objective of a particular pro ject and how internal and external factors will help achieve those objectives. The technique was developed by Albert Humphrey. He led a convention during his stay at Stanford University in the 1960s and the 1970s. He incorporated data from some Fortune500 companies. A SWOT analysis usually begins with clearly defined state and objectives. Strengths: In strengths it is checked which attributes of the company will help in achieving the desired objectives. The strengths of the company are many. It targets the student population for junk food and they tend to be the most willing consumers for the same. The initial investment in the idea isn’t much. The timings of the outlet are very lucrative and so is the location of the chain a very ideal one. Weaknesses: In weaknesses it is checked which attributes of the company will be harmful in achieving the objectives. The outlet faces stiff competition from other more established outlets. The sales continue to suffer and the promotional strategy is weak at best. Opportunities: What opportunities will work in favor of the desired objectives? There are various opportunities that can capitalized on by the firm. Firstly, it needs to come up with a more aggressive promotional strategy and reach out to all students. Capitalize on social media, come up with flyers, posters, ad games and various other ways to promote and attract customers. Secondly, negotiation with the suppliers to bring

Tobacco Use Among Teenagers Essay Example for Free

Tobacco Use Among Teenagers Essay In the United States, tobacco use or cigarette smoking has been identified as the leading cause of preventable death.   Almost half a million deaths annually have been associated to cigarette smoking.   The prevalence of tobacco use by adolescents has intensified in the 1990s, with the highest rates during 1996 to 1997 and then decreased thereafter (CDC, 1998).   If the pattern of tobacco use early on during adolescence ensues, this will result in around 5 million minors who will mature into adults that will experience smoking-related illness in the future.    Medical expenses related to tobacco use have been estimated to cost approximately $50 to $73 billion annually.   Such estimates have alarmed the healthcare agencies that they have created comprehensive smoking prevention programs to lessen smoking among adolescents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The topic of tobacco use among teenagers is related to the goals of Healthy People 2010, which is a comprehensive collection of disease prevention and health education programs that was established by the United States Department of Health and Human Services.   Healthy People 2010 was created by researchers and scientists to address the current issues in public health.   The two main objectives of Healthy People 2010 is to improve the quality of life of the residents of the United States, which will result in the prolongation of life expectancy, and to prevent any differences that are observed and reported with regards to different subgroups within the U.S. population.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Massive anti-smoking campaign efforts were earlier initiated in order to deflect young and curious teenagers from using tobacco.   These efforts included outright health warnings regarding the serious effects of smoking that are attached to every pack of cigarettes.   There was also the aggressive campaign to enhance distaste towards smokers, convincing the rest of the society that smoking is not a good habit for members of the society, especially if the stench and stains of cigarette smoking will be physically attached to the smoker after a couple of months. In addition, legislation has required that a young-looking buyer should present his identification card in order to prove that he is at least 18 years old before he is allowed to buy cigarettes from a vendor.   Any vendor who is caught selling cigarettes to a minor has been warned that he could be penalized for providing addictive items to a minor.   Unfortunately, all these efforts in dissuading the youth from tobacco use was unsuccessful, as shown in the increase in smoking cases among teenagers as well as admittance to tobacco use amidst all these smoking prevention efforts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recent research surveys have determined that a generic smoking prevention program is not as effective as it was thought to be because each state and each school showed a different type of setting that strongly influences a typical adolescent to succumb to the pressure and lure of cigarette smoking.   Variations in the factors that influence an adolescent to smoke are present at the levels of the country, state, school, and individual (Lotrean et al., 2006).   In addition, the society and environment wherein the adolescent is situated also varies within the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In terms of school-setting influence on tobacco use, research surveys show that smoking is strongly correlated with poor connection with peers at school.   This includes the loss of feeling of being a member of a group in school or the simple sensation of belonging to the school society.   Tobacco use among adolescents is also strongly connected to a lack of discipline in the school, which is actually a responsibility of the teacher.   The lack of discipline is thus a result of an inadequacy in the involvement of the teachers with the adolescent students.   It has also been observed that different schools follow a full ban on cigarette smoking within the school grounds, while other schools implement a partial ban. Unfortunately, there are also schools that do not have smoking bans.   Schools often have school policies that specifically indicate that when a student of the school is caught smoking cigarettes within the school premises, a corresponding school action will be given to the student.   Research indicates that schools that have established strict school policies show a significantly lower rate of tobacco use than schools that do not included any policy on tobacco use within the school’s premises.   Another factor that influences teenage students to smoke originates from the school environment is the exposure of students to teachers who smoke within school premises.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are also specific gender-related factors that persuade teenagers to use tobacco.   In an independent study, it was observed that female teenagers are more vulnerable to social pressure at school than male teenagers (Barnett et al., 2007).   The same trend in tobacco use is observed when a female adolescent is living in a single-parent home environment, much different from the observations reported from a male teenager who is residing in a single-parent home environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Social interactions existing around the teenager also induces them to use tobacco.   In a cross-sectional investigation among middle school students, it was reported that there is a positive correlation between tobacco use and alcohol consumption among teenagers (Fisher et al., 2007).   Interestingly, it was observed that the presence of family activities, especially family dinners, serve as a protection for teenagers from initiating use of alcohol and tobacco.   The only limitation to such observation was that the preventive effect of family dinners is only effective during the pre-contemplative stage of smoking cigarettes or drinking alcohol.    Once the adolescent has started smoking or drinking, the efforts of setting up family dinners as prevention or protection schemes has been determined to be ineffective.   The role of the family, in terms of social interaction and frequency of present to the adolescent, thus strongly influences any decisions that he may make.   The opposite scheme is observed among adolescents who rarely or seldom have family dinners together.   It was estimated that these individuals were 50% more likely to use tobacco and drink alcohol. Thus, social interactions within the family members offer an excellent venue for communication between the adolescent and his parents which in turn provide an impact on the behavior of the teenager.   The single-parent environment of an adolescent also shows a greater risk of using tobacco.   This influence is further complicated when the teenager involved is female.   The occurrence of other members of the family smoking at home also influences a teenager to consider and actually follow suit in smoking (Phillips et al., 2007).   Aside from that, even if the teenager does not decide to smoke, his exposure to secondhand smoke subjects him to the same or even worse condition in terms of the harmful effects of tobacco on human health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another factor that influences use of tobacco among teenagers is the improper application of knowledge or information to actual life choices.   In a research survey involving adolescents and their corresponding parents, it was determined that approximately 85% of the youth respondents and their parents admitted that they knew that tobacco use was harmful to their health (Lubman et al., 2007). The figures of this report were quite encouraging, because both the young and adult respondents showed that they were aware of the associated health implications of smoking cigarettes.   However, it was also discouraging to read that the report described a striking opposite result with the rates of tobacco use in the same surveyed population, indicating that this population was not capable of translating the information regarding tobacco use and health into actual behavioral output.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The media also has an influence on the use of tobacco among adolescents.   Research has described that adolescents who view movies that include a teenager character smoking induces the adolescent viewer to follow suit in a dose-response relation (Sargent et al., 2007).   The effect of media on teenage tobacco use is categorically different from the effect of the immediate environment where an adolescent is located.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Given the abovementioned factors that influence tobacco use among teenagers, it is thus ideal to design and implement a smoking prevention program that is based on the actual conditions of a community where susceptible teenagers are situated.   An exemplary effort is spearheaded by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) which has proposed that each state create smoking prevention programs to lessen the frequency of smoking among adolescents.   Research surveys have been conducted to identify factors that influence youth in considering the use of tobacco as part of their young lives.   The Youth Tobacco Surveillance and Evaluation System was established by the CDC to conduct surveys of middle and high school students at the state, national and international levels.   The system is comprised of two parts, the National Youth Tobacco Survey and the state-level Youth Tobacco Surveys.   Both surveys were designed to offer smoking prevention programs nationwide.    Each program is distinct for each state and country, depending on what has been observed in the surveys that were conducted prior to the implementation of the smoking prevention program (Rudatsikira et al., 2007).   The programs provide information regarding the different types of tobacco that are currently being circulated among the youth, including cigarettes, pipe and cigars.   The attitudes of children and youth are also examined in order to determine the influence of different factors around their immediate environment as well as in their homes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I have learned that smoking among teenagers is not a simple action that is influenced by peer pressure.   I realized through my research that smoking among teenagers is influenced by social interactions with the family and friends, as well as in the school.   It is also interesting to know that the media imparts a strong effect on teenagers and smoking.   I also agree with the reports that describe that different conditions exist in different communities, hence a simple smoking prevention program that involves aggressive campaign against smoking and tobacco are destined to be ineffective in decreasing or controlling the rise in the number of cases of teenagers using tobacco.   I will take the information I have learned from this report with me and hopefully I may apply the facts that I have learned in the actual setting.    References Barnett TA, Gauvin L, Lambert M, O’Loughlin J, Paradis G and McGrath JJ (2007):   The influence of school smoking policies on student tobacco use.   Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 161(9):842-848. CDC (1998):   Tobacco use among high school students: United States, 1997. MMWR 47: 229-33. Fisher LB, Miles IW, Austin SB, Camargo Jr. CA and Colditz GA (2007):   Predictors of initiation of alcohol use among US adolescents.   Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 161(10):959-966. Lotrean LM, Ionut C and de Vries H (2006):   Tobacco use among Romanian youth.   Salud Publica Mex. 48 suppl 1:S107-S112. Lubman DI, Hides L and Jorm AF (2007):   Beliefs of young people and their parents about the harmfulness of alcohol, cannabis and tobacco for mental disorders.   MJA   187:266–269. Phillips R, Amos A, Ritchie D, Cunningham-Burley S and Martin C (2007):   Smoking in the home after the smoke-free legislation in Scotland: qualitative study.   BMJ 335:553-557. Rudatsikira E, Abdo A and Muula AS (2007):   Prevalence and determinants of adolescent tobacco smoking in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.   BMC Public Health 7:176-182. Sargent JD, Stoolmiller M, Worth KA, Cin SD, Wills TA, Gibbons FX, Gerrard M and Tanski S (2007):   Exposure to smoking depictions in movies its association with established adolescent smoking.   Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 161(9):849-856.

Influence of Asias Economy on Australia

Influence of Asias Economy on Australia People call 21st century an Asian Century because of Asia’s rise, which leads to a huge change in global power and opulence to Asia or more precisely, move to Asia after peculiar centuries. The inferences for Australians and Australia are intensive, and also they will effect on every part of both external and domestic policy. It is considered to be perilous to extrapolate from the trends that are current. But comparative growth rates of economic, investment and trade patterns, defense capacities, population futures, and impact in worldwide decision making platforms all are directing towards one direction. Julia Gillard, the former Prime Minister of Australia implied the economic numbers last September while declaring the White Paper commissioning on Australia in the Asian Century, are humbly spectacular. Advancement done by Japan and after that by Asian Tigers i.e. Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong, or by Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia recently, have been laid in the dark by the vivid performance of India and China. In the last twenty years, these two giant countries have already gained the 40% of the world’s population and also they have enhanced their economic size nine times, while China doubles its economy after every eight years and India after eleven years. They both together have grown their economy in the last two decades and capture almost the fifth part out of tenth of the world’s economy, and further after two decades it can be seen that they will project their economy from fifth to third. China now is the second largest economy of the world and now on its way to become the first in the coming twenty years, or even may be earlier. At the same time, India is trying to exceed the US economy by the mid-century if they are successful in acquiring the power terms. If we talk about per capita term then neither India nor China will be rich enough because of the fact of their tension and internal problem. However, it cannot change the simple truth of a big wealth shift. The growth of economic has been followed by prominent escalations in the military expenses by both India and China, this is 2010 news, after US the China is ranked in second number while India at ninth after France, UK, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Germany and Russia. In this modern age, one cannot think about the war between the world’s main powers, power is all about the political influence or its about perception, or it can be defined in terms of military capability, and it can be seen from this context that India and China are making absolute progress in this military weight. The white paper will focus devastatingly on domestic policy settings that how we should gear or take maximum benefit of the great opportunities, especially economic opportunities, from management of macroeconomic, to trade, innovation or industry, training and education, infrastructure, immigration, business regulation, arts and the environment. This paper will mainly focus on the main challenges for Australian foreign policy. In the Asian Century, there are many challenges that are posed for Australia. First is to abstain from the zero sum game option in the terms with US and China; second to maintain a healthy relations with India; third to establish a good relationship with Indonesia; fourth to take part in the establishment of security cooperation and regional economic mechanisms in which Australia is seen as the effective and relevant player. In considering not only the extent but also the nature of foreign policy challenges, also having the capability to perform something in favor of them, it could be profitable to say somewhat in more general manner about the national interest of Australian and the weaknesses and strengths. To every other country the foreign policy primary role is to advance and protect the national interests, and it can be defined firstly by security interest at one hand and on the other hand it can be trade and economic interests; there is nothing more important for any country to guard the country form attack or threat or to enhance the quality of living and income of its people. This idea is based on the fact that there are many problems in the modern world that oblige not just bilateral or unilateral but supportive multilateral act to solve the problem. It can be terrorism, piracy to climate change, mass massacre crimes, from health plagues to unstructured population streams; this is what has been said by Kofi Annan â€Å"Problems without passports†, or international problems or worldwide public problems. Each problem is beyond the capacity of any state to solve, however huge and powerful it is. The ability of any country to follow national interests, in all the dimensions that have been explained above, is its strength promotional by the weakness. Being Self-evident are the Australian strength limits: it will not or will never become the superpower. It is best at middle power, never expected to have military, political or economic influence to force our will on others, and finally dependent on the capacity to admire. But if the Australia plays at middle level diplomacy with the like countries of same characteristics it is possible to generate a healthy relation with the other countries and thus creating a good return in any field. Australia on the other hand is the 12th largest economy, and by landmass it comes at sixth and in maritime zone it comes in third place; it is multicultural country of the world; it shows inimitable viewpoint linking Asia Pacific geography and European history. Individual and peacekeepers of Australia while working in worldwide establishments, both nongovernmental and official, have greatly an exceptional reputation; also as a security alliance with US, we also obey or show strong commitments globally and regionally. The ties between China and US are sound at the moment, enduring some acute connections in 2010 on amount of challenging deeds by China against territorial issues on water over the China Sea towards south, and recently the tension that has been created by the support of US to Chen Guangchen. But still many thinks about this issue that how US will react on the China’s acceleration of Economic Growth. One of the most dangerous or discussed issue of all times in the region is the ill use of nuclear weapons, Washington on the other hand is fully convinced with the performance of Beijing to compel North Korea. In practice by working all the way, and its entailments for how long can we manage our defense carriage and future expenses, in such a way that provides us more comfortable independent security against different ugly possibilities without indulging in such a tension? Australia on the other hand is not interested any more on China’s investment and trade and it can be seen that the relationship is ended with tears, and also with the passage of time Australia has sad that they are not keen in assembling anything from China creating the Cold War strategy. Australia has shown its keens interest in developing a healthy ties with US or South East Asian neighbors. The importance or upswing of India is as important as China, but policymakers have not noticed that. Trade capacities between West and South Asia and East Asia particularly now far offset those over the pacific and they are increasing vividly. China’s growth has been fueled by Gulf oil, and also between the two giants a bilateral trade. There is nothing especial that can alarm Australia, and many among these are happy with this development. Importance of South East Asia in the geographic hub is important due to the fact that it links the South West and North West, same is the case with Australia it also plays a significant role in this action. Australians are now recognizing the importance of Indian economic potential is almost same as that of China. For Australian, India has become a very big market for the natural resources such as gold, coal and copper in general and also the educational services. It can be said that India is the fourth biggest market for export destination of services and goods after Japan, Korea and China and now have the caliber to become the second. In terms of diplomatic, the relations with India are amiable though they are narrow during the Cold War due to some strategies, or due to personality conflict between the PM Menzies and Nehru also they have worked together on different general issues from decades. Australia has a strong tie with India on security issues, too. Indians have strong relation with Australians and consider Australia a perfect place for excursion. But the relation between India and Australia is not as healthy as it should be. There have been seen some episodic disturbance from Indian side. The good place to start with is with the economic relationship, if the bilateral investment and trade ties are to take at some level then there is a need to be an integration of economic with the help of trade agreement which Australia is discussing with the three great partners Japan, Korea and China and it launched an agreement with India. One of the main concerns of the Australian Public policy is that why still Indonesia has not gained the level of understanding and attentions from the leaders than other Asian countries have gained, though it deserves. Mostly people forget about the importance of Indonesia as it comes in number four in the world in area, and it is also the largest Islamic country and the most effective and potential player in ASEAN. The Indonesia in progressing day by day and this cannot be denied that its economy is increasing incredibly and it plays a significant and thoughtful role in both global and regional affairs. There are number of factors that lack the relationship between Australia and Indonesia. One of the factors is the stereotype perception about Indonesia that it is not changed, still some thought as the military dominance, undemocratic, authoritarian, there exist terrorist and a culture that is unknown to Australia. The point is that this concept of stereotype is now obsolete and there in Indonesia there is a proper democratic transformation. There are various factors and issues that are arising over the last number of years, make it authoritative that they are trying to work as hard as they can to implement the policy making architecture, security cooperation and regional economic mechanisms that truly work. There has been seen three basic differences between the Indo Pacific and Asia Pacific, cooperation and dialogue, there is no platform for security that bring all together, another key platform of APEC which plays a significant role in trade facilitation, even if it has not complete the hopes and not lived that much excluding India; there is another platform or forum named as East Asia Summit for policy issues like economic, security and socio political also it excludes the countries like Russia and US. Australia indeed is hopeful and can meet the challenges in foreign policy, but still it needs to be quick and show more reflexes, because things happens, incidents occur, sometimes there have made a misjudgments, peace can be turned into the war, we can see that these things happened in the past and still can be happened again.

Gay Marriage is An Attack on Christianity Essay -- Persuasive Essay

On June 26, 2015, the US Supreme Court ruled that the US Constitution guarantees the right for same-sex couples to marry. Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy stated in the majority opinion: "The court now holds that same-sex couples may exercise the fundamental right to marry. No longer may this liberty be denied to them." Many conservatives are completely against gay marriage and they have stated that they will fight to have the Supreme Court ruling overturned. "I believe marriage is between a man and a woman, and I think we ought to codify that one way or another," President Bush said (Hinojosa). From 2003 until present, gay marriage has been a hot issue. Debates rage on the sanctity of marriage and constitutional equal rights. Though many states have already decided on this issue it has yet to be resolved federally. Is it right to deny rights because of gender? The answer is no. Is it more importantly right to deny them because of moral issues? YES! From a Religious stand point this issue is not even debatable, any god-fearing man or woman would not have to think twice about prohibiting gays to join in union. Patrick Henry once said ?It cannot be emphasized to strongly or to often that this great nation was founded not by religionist, but by Christians; not on religions, but on the gospel of Jesus Christ? (Jennings). To stray from our ideals as a nation and allow such blasphemy to occur on our great nation?s soil would turn our for-fathers in their graves. Where do...

Discuss any 3 functions of operating systems.(9 marks)2. Discuss any 3 :: Computer Science

Discuss any 3 functions of operating systems.(9 marks)2. Discuss any 3 factors affecting the choice of an operating systems.(9 marks)3. Discuss the following types of operating systems.„à  Multi tasking Assignment 9 1. Discuss any 3 functions of operating systems. (9 marks) 2. Discuss any 3 factors affecting the choice of an operating systems. (9 marks) 3. Discuss the following types of operating systems. - Multi tasking - Multi processing - Multi user - Real time (12 marks) 1. 3 functions of operating systems are as follow: a) Manage the computer resources such as central processing unit, memory, disk drives and printer. In other words it acts like a translator which allows the application software to communicate with the computer hardware. b) Caretaker which making sure that date is saved in the right place, programs are loaded into memory properly and that the computer's filing system is all kept in order. c) Execute and provide services for applications software in other words as system tools (programs) used to monitor computer performance, debug problems, or maintain parts of the system. A set of libraries or functions which programs may use to perform specific tasks especially relating to interfacing with computer system components. 2. 3 factors affecting the choice of an operating system are as follow: a) Choice of processor and hardware for example if server machine is a Sun computer then will be forced to use Solaris which is Sun's version of UNIX. b) A hardware or software protocol, contained in the electronics of the disk controller and disk drive, that manages the exchange of data between the drive and computer. The most common interfaces for small computer systems are AT (IDE) and SCSI. c) Compatibility of computer networks types including LANs and WANs, for example UNIX and Window NT are usually use to become the mainframe of WANs networking system. 3. a)Multi tasking - In a multitasking operating system where multiple programs can be running at the same time, the operating system determines which applications should run in what order and how much time should be allowed for each application before giving another application a turn. Examples of multi tasking operating system are UNIX and Window 2000. b)Multi processing - An operating system capable of supporting and utilizing more than one computer processor for example Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000. c)Multi user - A multi user operating system allows for multiple users

Pressure Groups Essay -- Politics, Public Engagement

Introduction Pressure groups are known to be small and extremely diverse formed on the basis of interest and activities, their functions give them a high public profile where minds are influenced and driven to make change. â€Å"A Pressure group is an organisation which seeks to influence the details of a comparatively small range of public policies and which is not a function of a recognised political party† (Baggott, 1995: p.2). An aim of pressure groups is to generate support which can influence political agendas; this can directly persuade the government to consider taking action. In this essay I will concentrate upon exploring on various issues on pressure groups, discussing the relationship between the groups, their use of the media and their status as â€Å"insiders† and â€Å"outsiders† in the political process. Pressure groups have two main types of groups the insiders and outsiders which each promote a common cause with a different relationship with the media and political party making one as an unheard voice in the public sphere. To the public Pressure groups is another form where the public can engage in politics, participating directly in the political process. I will also intricate in this essay the arguments against pressure groups from the New Right perspective to the Neo pluralist perspective as well as the growths of pressure groups due to the use of the media and their political engagement. The size of a group is a basic indicator of how much public support they get especially those that posse’s open membership, they mobilise through demonstrations, protest involving some non members through organised events. The different types of well known pressure groups that I will include are ‘Greenpeace’, ‘Child Poverty Action ... ...te and develop policies. Using a term called ‘reactive coverage’ which uses the media to put across its viewpoint and influence. â€Å"The child poverty action group used media coverage to demonstrate that an issue was of public concern and therefore reinforce a case being made civil servants† (Field, 1977, pp53- 4). Environment pressure groups i.e. ‘Greenpeace’ a well known pressure group backed by the government and the public has used the media to help change the ‘climate’ of public opinion having an immediate influence. â€Å"The growing use of the public relations and the media specialist by pressure groups reflects the influence which they believe the mass media have over public opinion and policy decisions† (Baggott, 1995: pp. 184). Other strategies that pressure groups have used are posters or press advertisement in order to get their message across to its public.

The Stupidest Angel Chapter 20

Chapter 20 WINGING IT The angel had opened six envelopes of powdered hot-chocolate mix and handpicked out all the minimarshmallows. â€Å"They trap them in these little prisons with the brown powder. You must free them to put them in the cup,† the angel explained, tearing open another packet, pouring the contents into a bowl, picking up the little marshmallows, and dropping them into his mug. â€Å"Kill him while he's counting the marshmallows,† said the Narrator. â€Å"He's a mutant. No angel could be that stupid. Kill him, you crazy bitch, he's the enemy.† â€Å"Nuh-uh,† said Raziel, into his marshmallow foam. Molly looked at him over the rim of her mug. By the candlelight in the kitchen, he certainly was a striking fellow – those sharp features, the lineless face, the hair, and now the chocolate-marshmallow mustache. Not to mention the intermittent glowing in the dark, which had been helpful when she was looking for some matches to light the candles. â€Å"You can hear the voice in my head?† she asked. â€Å"Yes. And in my head.† â€Å"I'm not religious,† Molly said. Under the table, she held the tashi with her free hand, its blade resting across her bare thighs. â€Å"Oh, me either,† said the angel. â€Å"I mean, I'm not religious, so why are you here?† â€Å"Lunatics. We're attracted to them. It has something to do with the mechanics of faith. I don't really understand it. Do you have any more?† He held up the empty cocoa envelope. His mug was overflowing with melted marshmallow foam. â€Å"No, that's the whole box. So you're attracted to me because I'm loony and will believe anything?† â€Å"Yes, I think so. And because no one will believe you. So there's no violation of faith.† â€Å"Right.† â€Å"But you are attractive in other ways, too,† added the angel quickly, as if someone had suddenly smacked him in the head with a sock full of people skills. â€Å"I like your sword and those.† â€Å"My breasts?† It wasn't the first time that someone had said that sort of thing to her, but it was the first time it had come from a messenger of God. â€Å"Yes. Zoe has those. She's an archangel like me. Well, not like me. She has those.† â€Å"Uh-huh. So there are female angels as well?† â€Å"Oh yes. Not always. Everyone was changed after you happened.† â€Å"Me?† â€Å"Man. Mankind. Women. You. Before we were all one kind. But then you happened, and we were divided up and given parts. Some got those, others got other things. I don't know why.† â€Å"So you have parts?† â€Å"Would you like to see?† â€Å"Wings?† Molly asked. She actually wouldn't mind seeing his wings, if he had them. â€Å"No, we all have those. I mean my special parts. Would you like to see?† He stood and reached down the front of his pants. It wasn't the first time she'd had an offer like that, but it was the first time it had come from a messenger of God. â€Å"No, that's okay.† She grabbed his forearm and guided him back into his seat. â€Å"Okay, then. I should go. I have to check on the miracle and then go home.† â€Å"The miracle?† â€Å"A Christmas miracle That's why I'm here. Oh look, you have a scar on one of them » â€Å"He has the attention span of a hummingbird,† the Narrator hissed â€Å"Put him out of his misery â€Å" The angel was pointing to the jagged five-inch scar above Molly's left breast, the one she'd gotten when a stunt went wrong while filming Mechanized Death Warrior Babe VII. The injury that had gotten her fired, the scar that had ended her career as a B-movie action heroine. â€Å"Does it hurt?† asked the angel â€Å"Not anymore,† Molly said â€Å"Can I touch?† It wasn't the first time that someone had asked, but – well, you know. â€Å"Okay,† she said. His fingers were long and fine, his fingernails a little too long for a guy, she thought, but his touch was warm and radiated from her breast through her whole body When he pulled his hand away, he said, â€Å"Better?† She touched where he had touched It was smooth. Completely smooth. The scar was gone. The angel blurred in her vision as tears welled up in her eyes. â€Å"You complete shit bag of sentimental saccharine,† said the Narrator â€Å"Thank you,† Molly said, with a hint of a sniffle â€Å"I didn't know you could –  » â€Å"I'm good with weather,† said the angel. â€Å"Idiot!† the Narrator said â€Å"I have to go now,† said Raziel, rising from his chair â€Å"I have to go to the church to see if the miracle has worked » Molly led him through the living room to the front door. She held the door for him. Even so, the wind whipped his coat around him and she could see the white tips of his wings below. She smiled, laughing and crying at the same time. â€Å"Bye,† the angel said. He walked away into the woods. As Molly closed the door, something dark flew through it. The candles in the living room had blown out, so all she could see was a shadow flying through the house, disappearing into the kitchen. She got the door shut and trod into the kitchen, holding her sword at a low ready. By the candlelight in the kitchen, she could see the shadow over the kitchen window, two eyes shining orange back there in the dark. She picked up a candle from the table and moved toward the window until the shadow cast shadows of its own. It was some kind of animal, hanging from the shutter over the sink, looking like a black towel with a little doggy face. It didn't seem dangerous, just, well, a little goofy. â€Å"Well, this is it I am getting back on my meds tomorrow, if I have to borrow the money from Lena » â€Å"Not so fast,† said the Narrator. â€Å"It'll be so lonely in here when I'm gone. And you'll be back to wearing your normal clothes. Jeans and sweaters, you can't want that.† Ignoring the Narrator, Molly approached the creature on the shutters until she was only two feet away and staring right into its eyes. â€Å"Angels are one thing, but I don't even know what in the hell you are, little guy.† â€Å"Fruit bat,† said Roberto. â€Å"He might be a Spaniard,† said the Narrator. â€Å"Did you hear the accent?† â€Å"I'm going out there,† Theo Crowe said, finding a grip on the Christmas tree. â€Å"He still has one bullet,† said Tucker Case. â€Å"They are going to torch the place. I've got to get out there.† â€Å"To do what? You going to take their matches away?† Lena took Theo by the arm. â€Å"Theo, they'll never get a fire started in this rain and wind. Don't go out there. Ben didn't make it two steps.† â€Å"If I can get to an SUV, I can start running over people,† Theo said. â€Å"Val gave me the keys to her Range Rover.† â€Å"Well, that's not going to work,† said Tuck. â€Å"There's a bunch of them. You might get some of the feeble ones, but the rest will just run into the woods where you can't get to them.† â€Å"Fine. Suggestions? This place will burn like tinder, rain or no rain. If I don't do something we're going to get roasted.† Lena looked at Tuck. â€Å"Maybe Theo's right. If he can drive them into the woods, maybe the rest of us can make a break for the parking lot. They can't get all of us.† â€Å"Fine,† Theo said. â€Å"Divide people up into groups of five and six. Give the strongest member of each group the key to an SUV. Make sure everyone knows where they're going once they get out the door. When you hear the horn on the Range Rover play ‘Shave and a Haircut, it will mean I've done what I can do. Everyone make a break for it.† â€Å"Wow, you came up with that while stoned,† Tuck said. â€Å"I'm impressed.† â€Å"Just get everyone ready. I'm not going out on that roof until I'm sure no one is waiting for me.† â€Å"What if we hear a gunshot? What if they get you before you get to the car?† Theo pulled a key out of his pocket and handed it to Tuck. â€Å"Then it would be your turn, wouldn't it? Val had her spare car key with her, too.† â€Å"Wait a minute. I'm not running out there. You have an excuse, you're stoned, you're a cop, your wife threw you out, and your life is in shreds. Things are going good for me.† â€Å"When Constable Crowe leaves, then can we cut off his head?† asked Joshua Barker. â€Å"Okay, maybe not,† said Tuck. â€Å"I'm going,† Theo said. â€Å"Get everyone ready at the door.† The lanky constable made his way up the Christmas tree. Tuck watched him climb out on the roof, then turned to the others. â€Å"Okay, you guys heard him. Let's break into groups of five and six by the front doors. Nacho, grab the hammer, we're going to have to pull the nails on the reinforcements. Who's driving an SUV?† Everyone but the children raised their hands. â€Å"It won't spark, it's wet,† said Marty in the Morning. He was trying to coax fire out of a drenched disposable lighter. The undead stood around him, looking at the pile of gasoline-sodden debris they'd piled against the side of the chapel. â€Å"I love barbecue,† said Arthur Tannbeau. â€Å"Every Sunday out at the ranch, we used to –  » â€Å"Only in California could one refer to a citrus farm as a ranch,† interrupted Malcolm Cowley. â€Å"As if you and the yahoos would all go out on horseback to round up the tangerines.† â€Å"Didn't anyone find a dry lighter or matches in any of the cars?† Dale Pearson said. â€Å"No one smokes anymore,† said Bess Leander. â€Å"Disgusting filthy habit anyway.† â€Å"Said the woman who still has brain matter on her chin from that fellow in the sweater,† said Malcolm. Bess smiled coyly, most of her gums visible through her receded lips. â€Å"They were so tasty – it was like he'd never used them.† There was a chirp from the front of the chapel and all of them looked. Yellow lights flashed on one of the vehicles up there. â€Å"Someone's making a break for it,† screamed Dale. â€Å"I thought I told you to keep an eye on the roof.† â€Å"I did,† said the one-armed Jimmy Antalvo. â€Å"It's dark. I can't see shit.† As they rushed down the side of the chapel toward the front, they saw a dark shadow slide off the side of the roof to the ground.

A Year Round Education and Staff Burnout

As our population increases, schools are being faced with the problems of overcrowding and under funding. Many school districts are proposing a year round education program. I feel that year round education is only a â€Å"quick fix† for school districts d will be detrimental to teachers children and families. Over crowding in schools is becoming a problem in almost all communities. Many schools are building trailers and additions to accommodate a higher capacity. Some districts are proposing building new schools. This raises issues of changing boundarie bussing, and higher taxes. Some districts are proposing a multi- track year round education program. On the surface, year round education seems a logical solution to the overcrowding. Children are separated into four tracks. Each track follows a different schedule going to school for six weeks then having three weeks off. This means that there is a ays one track out of school. This plan increases the school†s capacity by 25%. The year round education plan will only temporarily save taxpayers money. Schools were not made to be year round facilities, many schools are no even air conditioned. Maintenance and janitorial staff will need to be hired full time year round. They ll have to put in over time to get projects done and larger projects will need to be contracted out. The additional cost for transportation, utilities, support staff, ect, may not be worth the inconvenience. Not to mention the extra wear that a school ill take by having children in it year round. In the long run, maintaining a school for a full year may prove to be more costly. Staff burnout is another concern with year round education. Teachers will no longer be able to supplement their income during the summer with seasonal jobs. In some plans teachers will be able to either take the breaks with the children or act as a s stitute for the tracks who are in school. If the teachers choose to substitute they will miss out on their breaks, leaving little time for planning and relaxation. Teachers will miss out on programs to further their education, thus stunting their prof Administrators get a worse deal. They are now responsible for four â€Å"mini schools† and school is always in session so getting away is sometimes hard. Some plans offer to hire a second principal justified by the increased population. Another expense i rred by the year round education plan. Year round education may affect the quality of education for some children. Teachers with more education, credentials, and tenure will opt for the preferred track. Children on the less preferred track will get a different quality of education. Good t chers in general may prefer schools who have the traditional school year. The year round education plan also takes a toll on the family time in many ways. In some plans two children from the same family may not be on the same track and therefore do not have the same breaks. Scheduling time for family outings will be harder One child will always have to mind a bedtime. Taking family vacations is impossible unless one child is taken out of school. Non custodial parents will also have a problem spending their time with their children. Now most active non-custodial parents take their children for a large portion of the Summer break. This time spent with the non-custodial parent gives the child a ense of â€Å"living† with that parent. This arrangement will no longer be a reality. Extended time with the non-custodial parent will hardly be possible unless again one child is taken out of school. I believe this will also cause many divorced parents t eturn to court to revise their decrees, another cost to taxpayers and parents. Year round education may also put a financial strain on working parents. Many parents rely on older siblings to watch younger siblings during school breaks. If the school calendars don†t coincide parents will usually have to pay for alternate care. Some experts think that a year round education will be beneficial to children because they will not have the long break where knowledge is lost. They are concerned with the information that is lost. I believe that information will be lost anyway if a ild is not genuinely interested. School is a place to learn how to learn and to learn the foundations of the world around. College is the place where the information type of learning should take place. Retention is always a concern with any break, b studies show that learning loss begins to occur during the first two to three weeks. By having more breaks during the year we may find more learning is lost. The never ending school year can be very stressful for a child. With a multi- track system playmates will have different breaks causing children to envy different schedules and be unhappy with their own. Children will miss out on events or have to de with the anticipation of school the next day. With a three week break children barely get to relax before having to prepare for school starting again. For children who do not particularly enjoy school this can be a extremely stressful because there i not a long enough break to emerge themselves in something that they enjoy. Extra curricular activities will also be effected. Students may have to attend practices and meetings on their off weeks. They will risk missing out on the team activities, pep rallies, and major events. It is impossible to schedule four separate da es, science fairs, and homecoming games. School will never cease so students will not get the break that they deserve. The programs themselves will get a lower turnout. I believe that less popular clubs and organizations will eventually be gone. Someone posed a the question that if year round education was the traditional school calendar, and a â€Å"new calendar† was proposed where children were only educated for nine months each year would the American public even consider it? My answer is, â€Å"ye The idea of year-round schooling goes back to the seventeenth century. It is actually two hundred years older that the traditional school year. The oldest year round school today is only thirty years old. This means that all other schools once opted I think back to my own Summer vacations. The first two weeks were always spent winding down from the long school year. Then we began to venture out and embark on new adventures. I can remember long bike rides and mapping out new spots to explore, ea day getting farther in to some sort of quest. Sleepovers every other day at each other†s house with my next door neighbor. When I was a child we stayed with my father in Chicago for six weeks of the Summer. That was an experience I would never relin ish. Over the Summer my family took vacations. We went canoeing in the boundary waters of Canada and drove cross country on a whim without the anticipation of getting ready for school. School plays the role of teaching children how to learn. Summer break is a chance to apply what they have learned and enrich their lives with personal experience. Switching to a year round education plan will be detrimental to our children†s problem s ving skills, creativity, and happiness. Overall, I believe that there are too many downfalls and not enough benefits to switching to year round education. Turning to year round education as a solution to over crowding in schools would only be a temporary solution. A year round education wo d put too much stress on our children, families, faculty, and community. We should learn from the past and leave the traditional school year in tact.

Project Technical Paper †Reliable Pharmaceutical Supply Essay

To process a prescription order, RPS needs to know about the patients, the nursing home, and the nursing home unit where each patient resides. Each nursing home has at least one, but possibly many, units. A patient is assigned to a specific unit. An order consists of one or more prescriptions, each for one specific drug and one specific patient. An order, therefore, consists of prescriptions for more than one patient. Careful tracking and record keeping is crucial. In addition, each patient has multiple prescriptions, and one pharmacist fills each order. There are several points in the order-fulfillment process at which information must be recorded in the system. Case manifests must be printed at the start of each shift. Because a prescription may take a long time to be used completely, information must be entered into the system each time a medication is sent, noting the quantity sent and which pharmacist filled the prescription for that shift. Prescriptions contain basic information such as ID number, original date of order, drug, unit of dosage (pill, teaspoon, suppository), size of dosage, frequency of dosage, and special instructions (take with food, take before meals). There are several types of prescriptions, each with unique characteristics. Some orders are for a single, one-time-use prescription. Some orders are for a number of dosages. Some orders are for a certain time period. Information about the prescription order must be maintained. An order occurs when the nursing home phones in the needed prescriptions. Because presc riptions may last for an extended period of time, a prescription is a separate entity from the order itself. The system records which employee accepted and entered the original order. The system has basic data about all drugs. Each drug has generic information such as name 1. Entity-relationship diagram that shows the data strorage requirements for Relable Pharamceutical Supply 2. Domain meta class for RPS. 3. Activity diagram for each use case related to entering new orders Activity Diagram For Entering New Orders. Nurshing Home Prescription Drugs Accounts Section Activity Diagram For Creating Case Manifests. Nurshing Home Prescription Drugs Information Record Section Activity Diagram For Fulfilling Orders. Nurshing Home Prescription Drugs Accounts Section 4. System sequence diagram System sequence diagram for entering new order Enter Prescription Order Record Prescription Info Record Drugs Info Display drugs Ordered Find drugs Availability Pending Order Pending Order Update Order Confirm new Order Confirm Order Update Bill Receive Bills System sequence diagram for Creating Case Manifest Enter Precription Order Record Prescription Info Record Drugs Info Display drugs Ordered Find drugs Availability Pending Order Pending Order Update Order Confirm new Order Confirm Order Update Record Case Manifest System sequence diagram for fulfilling order Fulfill Order Check Prescription Info Record Drugs Ordered Display drugs availabilityRecord types of drugs Find drugs Availability Pending Order Pending Order Record Updated Drugs Confirm fulfilling Order Confirm Fulfilling Order Update Bill payble Receive Fees Calculated 5. State machine diagram for an order 6. Three-layer architecture for this new system Presentation Layer Businness Layer Data Layer †¢ Presentation. The presentation layer provides the application’s user interface (UI). Nursing home users can place orders using the UI tool and Reliable employees can Process the Orders. †¢ Business. The business layer implements the business functionality of the application. Business logic is implemented here, Business entities corresponds to the data . †¢ Data The data layer provides access to external systems such as databases. Each layer should be structured as described in the following paragraphs. 7. Design two (2) separate menu hierarchies, one (1) for Reliable employees and one (1) for nursing home employees. Reliable Employees – Check Drug Availability Order Id Order date Drug names Save Order Info Nurshing Home User- Order Prescription Id Pharmacist name Pharmacist id Order date Drug names Patient names 8. Write out the steps of the dialog between the user and the system for the use case Place new order for nursing home employees. User – input prescription details (prescription ID, Drug details, Pharmacist Name) System – Create order User – Place Order System – Check Order details, confirm new order System – Check Drug availability System – Fulfill order User – Validate fulfilled Order System – Update Order Information System – Prepare shipment User – Give medications to Patient Unit User – Place Pending Order 9.Review the input form you created for collecting orders from the nursing homes. Identify all of the input controls necessary to ensure the prescriptions are correct. Recommend other procedures or controls to ensure that there are no mistakes with prescriptions. Input Prescriptions must have the controls to provide basic information- 1.Provide Prescription ID 2.Original Date of the Order 3.Drug Name 4.Unit Of Dosage(Pill, teaspoon or suppository) 5.Size of Dosage 6.Special Instruction – take with food, take before meals 10.Create a work breakdown structure of your proposed plan. Write a memo to the senior executive team at RPS that includes a summary of the created system and three (3) recommendations for future changes/improvements to the system. Work Breakdown- 1.Create the presentation layer -Develop UI components for Reliable Employees to process the orders from nurshing home -Develop UI components for the Users to create Orders for passing prescription details and preparing the order. 2.Business Logic Layer- a.Create the Business logic for Accessing the Database and providing rules to access and update data. 3.Data Access Layer- a.Select a data base to store the Drugs and prescription information. b.Develop the data access layer for the above data base. Memo- Sir, Please find the architecture of the system. This uses 3-tier architecture. This has presentation layers for both Users and Reliable Employees to provide and update the prescription and Order details respectively. Users will be able to create the orders and pass it to RPS office and there the order will be processed and shipment of the order can be initiated or denied if order cannot be fulfilled. Recommendation for Improvement- 1) More attributes can be added to the prescription data for address, phone number etc. 2) User history can be stored in a persistence cache for fast access. 3) Web interface can be added for online access of the presentation layers.

Evolution of an Urban Area

James L. Minter, III PD 120 Assignment #2: Evolution of an Urban Area Location: Atlanta, Ga. / Fulton County I have chosen to do my research on the city of Atlanta, Georgia within Fulton County. Atlanta is the largest city within Fulton County and has significant value to the Black community. It is of interest to me as Black/Latino man who has been astonished by how quickly so many minorities have jumped at the opportunity to head south when we not so long ago were heading north at a record pace for the same reason, opportunity. I will discuss what I have read, researched, and learned from my own experiences as well.In this country, so many squirm at the very mention of the suburban â€Å"White Flight† of White persons buying suburban homes every since WWII. However, the fact remains that in this country no matter what race you are if you are presented with a better alternative for living and working you will gravitate towards that lifestyle. This is extremely evident in my re search, as so many Blacks headed back to where their mother’s and father’s fled to either escape death, racism, slavery or was just simply looking for a job to make a living.Within my community the state of Georgia was not looked upon favorably, in fact, when I was a child, 40 years ago, it would have been considered just about crazy to leave progressive New York for the racist south, especially Georgia where cotton was a mainstay to the economy. Nowadays, it’s becoming just the opposite; the businesses are leaving for the south (along with the jobs) and the racism being experienced up north, I believe, is because of the shrinking market for jobs and the disdain for someone in a minority group â€Å"taking† what used to be â€Å"yours job†.So for those reasons, I’d like to take you on a journey to understand what Atlanta has become and why many Blacks affectionately refer it to as â€Å"Chocolate City†. Fulton County in 1900 had a pop ulation of 117,363 persons and has grown to 816,006 in the 2000 census. Whereas, the City of Atlanta in 1900 had a population of 89,872 persons and has grown to 537,958 since the 2000 census. Fulton county since the early 1900’s has steadily been in the low single digits as far as foreign born persons residing within the county ntil 2000 where the foreign born rate climbed to 10%. Although historically in Atlanta and Fulton County the predominant immigrants are those whose ancestry are from Russia, Germany, UK, Italy, Ireland, and Greece it wasn’t until the 2000 census that Africans were migrating to Atlanta as the 4th largest migrating group on record. It further demonstrated that those of African descent and those who were American Blacks looked upon Atlanta as a chance for minorities to â€Å"get ahead† and share some form of American success.Many Blacks from the north began migrating south, just the opposite as the early 1900’s, as industries such as auto plants began downsizing, steel plants were shutting down more and more, affirmative action was being frowned upon, and the large incomes that were being made within the construction industries (both via developing and trade unions in the west and north east) was not being shared with northern & western Blacks. The trade unionist, still to this day, struggle to â€Å"give up† what they perceive to be their own trade with minority groups (i. e.Italian cement masons & laborers, German Operators, Irish Iron Workers, etc. ). This shutting out phenomenon of varying industries, especially within the northeast, has caused many minority groups (esp. Blacks and Latinos) to migrate south for opportunities that were not present to them at home. When you couple the â€Å"black/brown migration† south to Atlanta along with subsidies being given to oil companies and big corporations to relocate headquarters along the â€Å"Sunbelt†; there is no wonder that opportunity was available for those who were willing to work non-union and compete for low paying jobs against migrant workers.Since the immigration laws were eased via legislation in 1965, the most extreme documentation of â€Å"Sunbelt† workers in Fulton County have been those of Spanish speaking origin for various reasons. Since the 1970 census, Hispanic ethnicity in Fulton County went from 8,260 to a whopping 48,056 in the 2000 census. Whether it be Cubans fleeing communism, Mexicans looking to just make a decent living, or Blacks fleeing being shut out during the up rise of our economy during the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the fact remains that Atlanta was viewed as a city where minorities could go and make a better life for themselves and their families.This â€Å"black/brown migration† was not going unnoticed by the native White’s of Atlanta. As Blacks became the majority group in Atlanta by 2000 at 60% of the city’s population, Whites continued to move a way to their suburban homelands of Fulton County, as they made up 66% of the suburbs population in 2000. Atlanta and Fulton County continued to grow but it was evident that it was growing into a more extreme segregated population. However, there was a transformation-taking place, the Black suburb.The more populated the city of Atlanta was getting; the more Blacks began populating the suburbs themselves. Along with the pattern of the housing market targeting low and middle-income residents to buy homes from the mid 1990’s through the 2000’s. Blacks (and other minority groups) began buying suburban homes attempting to gain the â€Å"American Dream†. As a political foresight to the â€Å"black/brown† migration, the affluent suburb of Buckhead was annexed and became part of Atlanta, as many believe, to keep the majority-voting block in the city White.So, now being part of Atlanta, many Blacks began buying beautiful homes in Buckhead and other surrounding subu rbs creating the vision of a â€Å"Black suburb†. However, since this annexation there has been increased feuding with the northern residents of the more affluent White suburbs with the collection and distribution of taxes towards the southern portion of the county. The feeling amongst the northerners within the county is that they are subsidizing the south because that’s where the most local support service dollars are being spent.So after the 2000 census Blacks now make up at least 28% of the Fulton County suburbs, and still maintain over 60% of the population in the city of Atlanta, thus justifying the affectionate name of â€Å"Chocolate City†. Another varying phenomenon is the research numbers that show that even with a heavy influx of Asian/Pacific Islander into Fulton County and the city of Atlanta less than 1% actually migrated to the city while over 4% migrated immediately to the suburb.This further shows the trend of those even born in another country knows that to live in the suburbs in America is a matter of status more than anything else. Especially when the suburbs in European cities represent all the ills of their societies, and it’s literally vice versa. Our affluent residents look to leave the central cities, while European affluent residents look to live as close to the center of the city as possible (Paris, for example).Between 1950 and 1960 is when the greatest changes came to the region, with the city growing by almost 140,000 persons due to its annexation of the Buckhead suburb. The city of Atlanta varies from its suburbs in Fulton County for one main reason, the highway structure and volumes of headquarters for major corporations and media outlets. While the suburbs in Fulton County are littered with strip malls and sub divisions, the City of Atlanta is filled with tall corporate buildings surrounded by winding and crisscrossing highway roads.The Fulton County suburbs are predominantly White (with a heavy infl uence of Russian and German ancestry), clean and quiet within the neighborhoods, while the City of Atlanta is predominantly Black, loud and busy (especially during the day), with stand still traffic on the highways during the morning and evening rush hours, covered under a layer of fog from vehicle emissions. The problem that â€Å"Chocolate City† and Fulton County will be facing soon is the lack of jobs even in this economy that may be on the rise.The burst of the dot com bubbles, the failing oil refineries, and globalization of businesses will surely have the residents of this once bubbling land of opportunity in Atlanta possibly fleeing again for greener pastures elsewhere, or fighting for jobs for even less pay with migrant workers or desperate residents willing to take almost anything that you would not, if you had a choice. So â€Å"Chocolate City† has been good to many minority workers, especially over the last two decades, however the sun may be rising and the chocolate sweetness of success may be melting sooner than one might think.