Sex Education And Sexual Education - 991 Words

Countless avenues shape our knowledge of sex; whether its teachers, parents, media, or other sources. At some point most individuals receive an account of sex education. These lessons, connections, and knowledge we acquire impact our ideas about sex. The subject of my interview, whom we’ll refer to as Jessica, was no exception. Jessica is a 21-year-old, who grew up in a small, conservative North Carolina town. The public schools she attended taught sex education from an abstinence perspective and used scare tactics to deter the students from having sex. However, Jessica expresses that her mother had the largest impact on what she was taught about sex, she describes having a very close relationship with her mother. Jessica’s mother became a teenage mother at the age of 18, and in part she believes this influenced her mother’s teachings the most. Now a Certified Nursing Assistant for Novant Healthcare, she believes that the education received through her job furt her builds her knowledge of sex education and clarifies any discrepancies she once had. â€Å"My mom always knew that someday it would happen, I mean she always hoped that it would happen at an appropriate age, but above all she wanted me to be protected from disease and unplanned pregnancy†, said Jessica. Birth control, condoms, and disease prevention were at the core of the sex education she received. In Jessica’s opinion she’s was extremely appreciative of the comprehensive teachings from her mother when she becameShow MoreRelatedSex Education And Sexual Education1253 Words   |  6 Pagesteach sexual education classes, or teach abstinence education classes? Pregnancy rates in America are slowly decreasing, but are still extremely high. According to K. F. Stanger-Hall (2011), Pregnancy rates in America are more than double the rates of other countries with 72.2% per 1000 girls between the ages of 15-19 becoming pregnant. The best way to lower teen pregnancy is to teach about prevention in schools with sex education or abstinence classes. Tee nagers need to learn about sex so thatRead MoreSex Education And Sexual Education884 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"After a while, sex became a reality. It’s a lot harder to abstain when you’re actually in the moment, faced with that decision† (Stevens). Individuals encounter the reality of coming face to face with the temptations of intercourse; over time it becomes harder to sustain from joining the system. Students devour lust, but do not know how to control themselves and sex education provides substantial advice. With this in mind, sex education provides preparedness, answers questions, and creates awarenessRead MoreSexual Education And Sex Education1762 Words   |  8 Pagesimportance of sexual education and describe differences and similarities in some of the research done on this topic. Having sexual education available to youth is the key in reducing the number of unwanted situations in the sexual health of the individuals. Teaching adolescents about sex is beneficial because they become aware of consequence that might follow specific actions. This is a chance to ensure adolescents take safer routes when deciding to become sexually active. Youth sexual education has beenRead MoreSex Education And Sexual Education Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesalways affected the essence and teaching of sex education in the United States in different ways. Various sexual education methods exits, however comprehensive and abstinence-only programs are the most commonly know in public schools. Although many schools in the United States prefer to give an abstinence-only lecture, the results shown proof that these programs are ineffective because it simply does not fit the reality we live in, comprehensive sex education works better, and they do not offer honestRead MoreSexual Education And Sex Education1358 Words   |  6 PagesDo Not Have Sex, You Will Get Pregnant Die (Mean Girls) What if a rapist was coming at someone? Do kids know what to do besides lie on the ground and cry? What if a teenager had an unplanned pregnancy? Do they know their options about abortion or adoption or keeping the baby? Will young adults know the results of their choices? Sexual education teaches all of the following, and kids in the curriculum are more likely to defend themselves in a plot when they were approached by a stranger (â€Å"TeachingRead MoreSex Education And Sexual Education1632 Words   |  7 Pagessystems in the United states have been implementing sexual education into classrooms. Arguments are abundant when dealing with such fragile situations and there are many advantages and disadvantages of sexual education being taught in the public schools. It seems that most parents are either strongly for or against sex education classes, but there are a few parents that are on both sides. In fact, there are more parents that support sex education classes. However, there ar e pros and cons that mustRead MoreSex Education And Sexual Education1365 Words   |  6 PagesSex education is and always has been lacking in our country. An increase in sexual education would be greatly appreciated from almost everybody, especially with how high the sexually transmitted disease rate has raised in the past twenty years. Sex education can be used to teach young people how to have safe sex and show them the scary truths of sex that they are never taught otherwise. To lower STD rates and raise pregnancy awareness in younger people, schools and parents should be teaching childrenRead MoreSex Education And Sexual Education948 Words   |  4 Pagescomprehensive sex education taught in schools. One the other hand, the opponents believe that the reason for this decline is the sex education classes that teach about not having sex. Even when most schools are teaching abstinences only sex education about sixty-six percent of high school students says they are sexually active . Which concludes that the abstinences only sex education is not working and is not the proper way of teaching sex education in schools. Not teaching proper sex education may resultRead MoreSex Education And Comprehensive Sexual Education1609 Words   |  7 PagesLet s talk about sex. Stances on comprehensive sexual education vary, whether it be from religious beliefs or past experiences, different views are held throughout. It is in the interests of society in general... for every secondary school pupil to be in receipt of sexual education† (Cumper 16). The phrase ‘it’s better to be safe than sorry’ applies heavily on the topic of sex education, the idea of a pregnant and STD ridden 15 year old tends to frighten a million times more than the thought ofRead MoreSex Education : Comprehensive Sexual Education972 Words   |  4 PagesSex Education Comprehensive sexual education has long been a contentious issue within the United States of America. Owing largely to America’s history and culture, sexual education has long been stigmatized as unnecessary involvement in the private life, or even misattributed to rising rates of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. A U.S. review article, however, poses the opposite argument – â€Å"The overwhelming weight of evidence reveals that sex education which discusses contraception

Artificial Intelligent in Construction Management

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology 10 Artificial Intelligence for Project Management Final Report Instructor: Prof. Rayson Chou Student: Bui Quang Nha : M9705809 Fillip Korsa : E9815001 Table of Contents Abstract 4 1. Introduction 5 1.1. Background 5 1.2. Business needs for pavement life cycle prediction 5 2. Project statement 5 2.1. Problem definition 5 2.2. Project objective 6 3. Data description and preprocessing 8 3.1. Data description 8 3.2. Data preprocessing 9 4. Data mining techniques 12 4.1 Linear Regression 12 4.2 Neural Network 13 4.3 Support Vector Machine 14 4.4 K-fold cross validation 15 4.5 Performance Evaluation 16 5. Analysis Process 17 5.1 Feature selection 17†¦show more content†¦2.4. Project objective In our case we had to re-specify our goals in relation to data we had obtained. Project objectives: * Apply AI techniques to: * Predict pavement characteristics (IRI) * Figure out which factors influence these characteristics significantly * Provide generalized model for following data processing * Compare several prediction models, using different types of prediction approach with real estate of pavement International Roughness Index (IRI) Introduction The international roughness index (IRI) was developed by the World Bank in the 1980s (UMTRI, 1998). IRI is used to define a characteristic of the longitudinal profile of a traveled wheel track and constitutes a standardized roughness measurement. The IRI is based on the average rectified slope (ARS), which is a filtered ratio of a standard vehicles accumulated suspension motion (in mm, inches, etc.) divided by the distance traveled by the vehicle during the measurement (km, mi, etc.). Figure bellow shows the IRI scale. Next picture shows the relation of pavement serviceability related to time and IRI. 2. Data description and preprocessing 3.5. Data description In order to held this project we began cooperation with Road and Motorway Directorate of the Czech Republic who provide us all data sets. Following tables describers more details about our data set. Previews of data sets are shown in APPENDIX 1; APENDIX 2 and APENDIX 3. List ofShow MoreRelatedArtificial Intelligence In Technology1612 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The increasing use of artificial intelligence in technology will transform our societies for the worse.† Module: FC-503 Tutor Name: Assessment type: Essay Student Number: T0061516 Word Count: The theme of the 2017 Summer Davos meeting was about the fourth revolution of science and technology and artificial intelligence was undoubtedly one of the main topics discussed by people. From driving interactive voice with nobody to Alphago defeat the invincible chess champion Ke Jie (GibneyRead MoreWelcome For Magney House Designed By Pritzker Prize Winning Architect Glenn Murcutt1121 Words   |  5 Pagesplane through the glass curtain wall into the landscape. The combination of the serial progression and compression of the circulation spine is a sophisticated and elegant method of organisation within seemingly open and interconnected spaces. The construction of Magney House utilises the limited palette of concrete, pre-fabricated steel, corrugated aluminium and glass. The skeletal structure is created from a pre-fabricated steel frame that was manufactured in nearby Nowra, minimising transportationRead MoreTransportation Systems Using Artificial Immune Systems2027 Words   |  9 Pagestransportation systems using artificial immune systems. It demonstrates that biological solutions help to develop principles for detection strategies, formation of reactive solutions, supervised learning and memory utilization from previous experiences. The report reviews the current transport control systems; the geographic information system (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), automatic passenger counters (APC), and automatic vehicle monitoring systems (AVMS). However, the management capabilities for theseRead MoreInformative Essay About the Twin Towers Going Green1130 Words   |  5 PagesS. Green Building Council. They use this sy stem to determine if a building, or even a community, is energy efficient. These standards include improving energy savings, water efficiency, CO2 emissions, indoor environmental quality, and intelligent resource management. The new world trade center complex qualifies for the LEED gold certification, the next highest attainable status (below platinum). To achieve this status, the complex had to meet a number of huge requirements. Among these requirementsRead MoreA Robotic Body Via Remote Neuron Detectors1438 Words   |  6 PagesNeely, have argued that if a machine has self-interests and is not defined by external human inputs, it must be considered a rational agent, and afforded rights as befits such a station. Cybernetics researchers argue that Warwick’s study, IBM’s AI(Artificial Intelligence) project, and similar efforts force the resolution of this debate, and suggest that robots must inevitably be treated as humans as their intelligence increases (Warwick 223-234). Because these disparate views are a direct result ofRead MoreQuestions On Knowledge Driven Dss1278 Words   |  6 PagesKnowledge-driven DSS Yaw et al (2014) wanted to develop a knowledge elicitation strategy to create and acquire home energy retrofit knowledge which can be integrated in the development of an intelligent decision support system to gain more understanding of home energy retrofits and serve as a single source of comprehensive and reliable information for homeowners. However, the adoption rate is low regardless of well-established benefits due to insufficient or unsuitable information for decision makingRead MoreApplication of Ict in Civil Engineering15318 Words   |  62 Pagesdesign 6.4 ICT and construction companies CHAPTER THREE 7.0 Recommendation 8.0 Conclusion 9.0 Summary 1.0 ABSTRACT The use of modern information and communication technology is considered to be an integral part of modern civil engineering. It is becoming essential for the introduction, implementation and integration of advance computer aided engineering techniques and method in the processes of civil engineering and construction domain. Today due toRead More Artificial Intelligence Essay2730 Words   |  11 PagesArtificial Intelligence1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) conjures up visions of robots that can mix dry martinis while beating a grand master at chess; and to some, will one day be able to look, act, think and react just like a real person. I would like to explore the concept of AI as it relates to the business world, and its possible many other applications. I believe that true AI is a dream worth pursuing. Like me, there are many who, just like those of the early 1960’s, thought that puttingRead More5th Generation Computer1934 Words   |  8 Pageseach generation and the developments that led to the current devices that we use today. The computers being developed presently belong to the fifth generation. The most significant aspect of this generation of computers is expected to be the â€Å"artificial intelligence†. The chips used in these computers are â€Å"Very Large Scale Integrated† circuit (VLSI) with high power efficiency. Besides VLSI there is LSI, ULSI types of chips which are also being used in fifth generation computers. The term fifthRead MoreThe Survival Of Man Depends On The Early Construction Of An Ultraintelligent Machine1814 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction â€Å"The survival of man depends on the early construction of an ultraintelligent machine† (Good, 1965). As early as the 1960s renowned scientists such as Good and Neumann theorized of an â€Å"intelligence explosion,† now known as the technology singularity, resulting from intelligent machines’ designing their next generation without human intervention. This idea of artificial intelligence (AI) has grown immensely and is a common topic amongst scholars, scientists, and theorists in the mathematic

Sustainable Management Futures FIFA

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Management Futures FIFA. Answer: Introduction: The Federation Internationale de Football Association is one of the most noted international sports organization. It is better known as FIFA. This body is the international governing body of soccer with its governance over the global associations-country-wise. . This organization is responsible for organizing the international soccer tournaments of which the event of Football World Cup and Women World Cup are the most noted events. FIFA is lot more than a sports organizing and developmental organization. Established in the year 1904, this organization has attained a lot of growth and development over the years. The organization has arranged a large number of important world soccer tournaments. However FIFA is a lot more than that. In fact it is a company or a business organization in the truest sense. The company has been said to do an overwhelming business with its past track record through arrangement of World Cup football tournaments with the objective of successful effort to rais e sponsorship for the same. The name of this organization and its torchbearers are however involved in a large number of notorious events that have dragged the esteem of FIFA into a large number of controversies(FIFA, 2015). In the current discussion we will be looking at the various instances that cite examples of the principles and trends of business ethics, corporate social responsibility and sustainability that have been displayed by the organization of FIFA. Contradictory approaches will be discerned in all the mentioned genres that have been exhibited in the context of FIFA. Business Ethics: The name of FIFA has always been involved in a large number of controversies. These controversies have been mainly related to the unethical practises that have been continued in FIFA regarding bribery, corrupt behaviour and self dealing. All these allegations came up increasingly against the organization soon after the election of Sepp Blatter as the President of FIFA. Blatter did resign from his position in the year 2008, however stayed in the position till somebody suitable can be found. Meanwhile down the line of events, soon the ethics committee of FIFA had banned Blatter from soccer for eight years(Foose, 2016). Explaining the situation it can be further elaborated that in the initial days Blatter did get away with various unethical practises since there was no ethics policy in FIFA at that time. In this context we can cite the first business ethics that can be deciphered in the case of FIFA. To begin with every company must have a definite set of code of ethics. This code must be written and well established set of principles that will be definite and relatable. These guidelines and principles will show a certain path to the rest of the members of the company that will help them to tread the path of ethics. The business or the organization will automatically be an ethical one. The absence of this code of ethics was one of the main reasons why FIFA, under the leadership of Blatter, got involved into a number of unethical dealings and events(Bbc, 2015). The code of ethics was established in the year 2004 in FIFA. Judged against the principles of this code, Blatter was found guilty of a number of unethical dealings. This has been the reason why he had been dismissed from his position and banned from soccer administration for eight years. However the question here is that why did it take so long? This brings us to the second approach to business ethics. It is not merely important and adequate to formulate business ethics. The authorities must be highly vigilant to make sure that the members of the company are following the code of ethics and the leadership of the organization is following the rules and the ethics code to perfection. Had this been done in FIFA in the early years of 2002, a lot of unethical dealings could have been restrained(Fifa, 2012). To make an analysis of FIFA business ethics it can be said that the organization has in fact given an international recognition to one of the oldest and popular forms of sports. This organization is in fact an industry by itself where it has internationally organized and has disciplined the game of football of soccer with inclusion of innovative ideas with implementation of them as rules of the games. However in addition to this it can be yet again said that this is an organization that has also brought gender equality to the game. The organization is not only known for organizing mens football on an internal forum but it has done the same for the women of the game. It has arranged for the Womens World Cup, which is an incredibly great measure on the part of the sports organization. However the very structure of the company can be held responsible due to which the organization soon got deep into the mesh of unethical practises. In this context it can be explained that running an orga nization on the lines of ethics requires a certain amount of planning. Just as one has to plan the strategy of the company in terms of its operations and marketing, they should give priority to business ethics. This is needed to be planned and strategized in a very careful manner. This helps the business to remain streamlined and also focused to do profit in a feasible manner that brings maximum good to a maximum number of people instead of concentrating the benefit to few people. It also ensures that the company earns a respectable name in the market and is revered as a brand. This helps to create a credibility of the brand in the market. This is resulting to earn better acceptability from the market. sduring the course of examining those factors in the context of FIFA, observance revealed that on one hand the company has exhibited undisputable ethics in granting men and women the same opportunity; but from the business point of view for money making became a business that was rest ricted for just few, bringing increasing traces of corruption within the company. Hence one can easily spot contradictory business ethics ploys and approaches that have been applied in the case of FIFA. Corporate Social Responsibility: Corporate Social Responsibility is a term that is much familiar to us. This will indicate at the quality contributions that are being done by any company for the benefit and the growth of the community and the society in macro and micro level with emphasis on environment as per need of the region. However the question that arises in this context is that whether CSR as an agenda is applicable just for those companies which are commercial enterprises. In fact in this context it can be said that the FIFA is yet again another organization that too has its considerable share of CSR. However this responsibility is different from the normal concept of CSR.(Moyles, 2012). To evaluate its share of CSR, we can say that FIFA has done a great job through its organizing of the womens world cup. This is an endeavour on the part of FIFA that has granted both men and women the same quotient of opportunity and respect. In fact this is a step which is considered to be mitigation of discrimination of class to be followed by international association of other sports. The example that has been set by FIFA is something that can be taken up by the other sports organizing groups as well(Fifa, 2016). However the highly controversial event that took place in 2015 world Cup it can be said that the organizers did not really show much sense of responsibility towards the society of the world. In fact there have been a large number of occasions where the unethical principles and the measures that have been set up by the sports organization did create very bad impact on the global society. As a result of the sham show at the recent world cup, many of the US soccer lovers had lost their interest in this sport. This has definitely created a very negative effect on the future of the sports. The other stakeholders too including behind the screen and the ones at the limelight of the audience have been affected. The entire event did create a negative vibe(Fifa, 2013). However people are realizing that in the present age of visibility the players are the people or the personalities who have a heavy share of CSR responsibility. They are in fact the idols to the rest of the world and their fan clubs who are not only following them but are also assessing them all the time. This is why the players have become a lot more diligent, calculated and also responsible in terms of their public behaviour. In fact the declaration of Qatar world cup could be well shelved which could save the government of the nation enough money with resultant creation of a large number of employment opportunities for the national youth(Fifa, 2015). The previous part of the discussion has been very useful in pointing out the real meaning of CSR. Normally this is a term that would indicate at the value additions done by a company in the context of the environment as per location. However this is something that is not the sole definition of CSR. Corporate Social Responsibility will refer to the overall impact that the said event had on the global society. Now there is no second doubt to the fact that the world cup football tournaments are events that adds a great fillip to the global economy. It also adds to the aspect of fan following and hero worship by the general fans of the soccer players. In this context the various campaigns and the advertisements done by these soccer stars not only can have the ability of benefitting the business brands but also can inspire the general people of the world to follow some of the best health consciousness with practises like losing of extra weight or taking up of good habits or that of fighti ng social evils. However when these players act in a lousy manner in front of the general public, the fans not just loses faith in their stars but the image of the game in general. This is a form of super responsibility towards the society that the soccer players do share. This was something that they probably did not realise earlier, which is slowly dawning onto them. Similarly FIFA too, being an internationally acclaimed association with reputed brand image and the most important name in the arena of the game has a very big social responsibility. Its dealings will have a direct impact on the way the general public reacts to the game of soccer or football. The reputation of the brand will also tide over the players of the game and the teams who are participating in the game. This large and far reaching impact of the reputation of FIFA is in fact the main reason why the organization has received such blatant blows due to its recent controversy. Hence the analysis in this context will reveal the fact that dual approach of CSR has been in practise within the boundaries of FIFA. On one hand it has helped to mitigate discrimination in the society in the context of gender but it has set some of the most unfortunate course of events due to its lack of operational transparency. Sustainability: FIFA is an organization to which football is much more than a game. It is a spirit that can bring various communities together and can open new breakthrough pathways for global development, emergence of opportunities and can transform lives and establish universality. This game is one that can create very affective and powerful opportunities which can break social barriers and distinctions and can inspire much greater health awareness and educational programs. This is one of the main reasons why FIFA has often been used as the platform that could spread social messages using the dint of passion for football. These social projects get a wonderful platform through FIFA tournaments to reach out to the gamut of the global audiences. This essence of FIFA guarantees its sustainability where we see that the organization renders a much bigger role and responsibility than just arranging and organizing events of world soccer tournaments(Fifa, 2015). The organization has ensured its sustainability through more ways than one. In this context we see that the authorities have turned no stone unturned to keep the events of the organization environment friendly. The various arrangements that are done by FIFA to conduct world soccer tournaments are done with the point of protecting the environment from any kind of damage. The various events arranged by FIFA are often used to raise a greater awareness for preservation of the environment. This is a trend that has been maintained and has been accentuated since the year 2006, when the World Cup was organized in Germany. FIFA has also used its platform to generate the idea which sponsors the activities against racism which is very commonly found in different sports by the stakeholders. This is an aspect that says that a chance of fair play and competition would be granted to one and all. This indicates at a healthy practise and competition in the game(Sibilski, 2015). Meanwhile the various instances of foul play and corruption that has been cited in the organization especially during the tenure of Blatter have also been tided over. This indicates at the fact that the authorities are much inclined to attain sustainability of the brand or the organization that is cemented with the formation of the ethics committee for the organization in the year 2004. An analysis of the above facts and data will reveal the inference that the authorities of the organization of FIFA had always aimed at the sustainability of the organization. As a result of the same we see that the authorities have set about to create the ethics committee that has been very important in the downfall of Blatter. Hence we can say that the element of sustainability have always been in the back of the mind of the strategic heads of the brand of FIFA. This is one of the reasons why the brand has been developed to be much more than a world soccer organizing company, the brand has been highly effective in creating special and particular values for the various communities of the world. This is a brand or a name or an event that can also be related to various other global opportunities which have been used to improve the social or the healthcare or educational prospects of the world. This is a platform that not only celebrates the spirits of soccer and football but also is ce lebrated by the global population irrespective of their nationality and community specification. FIFA is an event or is a name that celebrates universality. It has exhibited extra ordinary care and respect for the environment and has taken immense care to see to the fact that its various events and their organizations should not create any challenge or problem for the nature as a whole, This is yet again a great step on the part of the authorities and the management of the brand,. In fact these various steps that have been taken so far to create a global image for the brand in order to get better acceptability from the global population or audience. The recent spurges of corruption details which have surfaced in connection to this name put negative impact on its international image considerably. But the authorities are trying quite hard to maintain its position and attain its former prestigious image as the premier football authority worldwide. Discussion: In terms of business ethics, CSR or that of sustainability we see that FIFA as an organization happens to be within the clutches of much duality. In this context we see that various forces had been at play in the past history of the organization. This is especially true of the early years and the presidential rule of Sepp Blatter which had generated a large variety of unethical practises and corruption with the gain of prevalence and predominance in the organization. This factor of corruption and unethical practises did happen to malign all the aspects of business ethics and CSR which in turn did affect the index of sustainability of the organization. In this context we can say that the authorities of the brand had been vigilant about the whole affair and they have made the required changes so that the brand can keep up the great work of fostering the game of soccer or football on an international basis(Sportindustry, 2016). Conclusion: On a closing note one can say that FIFA is one of the most prestigious and noted names in the industry of international football. In fact it is with the formulation of FIFA that the game of soccer or football has been organized and has been given coveted worldwide platform. This is corroborated by the fact that FIFA is the organization which arranges for the World Cup on a regular basis. However the occurrence of certain unethical practises led to the degeneration of the brand. In fact this effect tided over the entire sport of football, its players, national teams and also the involvement of the fans. An overall degeneration came to exist over the arena of world sports. However the situation has been arrested and has been restored to a great extent in the recent times. This is due to the proactive measures on the part of the management and the authorities of FIFA. One thing that stands quantified is the fact that FIFA is much more than just a sport organization. It is considered to be an industry by itself, that involves a large number of stakeholders and also has a great and a far reaching influence and impact on the global society. It benefits the economy, adds a fillip to the social issues and also can trigger off global trends and behavioural patterns. Hence the responsibility of FIFA does not remain restricted to the welfare of the game of football, but also the influence that it has on the global scenario as a whole. References: Bbc, 2015. Fifa corruption crisis: Key questions answered. [Online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32897066 [Accessed 26 March 2017]. Fifa, 2012. Fifa Code of Ethice. [Online] Available at: https://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/50/02/82/codeofethics_v211015_e_neutral.pdf [Accessed 26 March 2017]. Fifa, 2013. Social Responsibility. [Online] Available at: https://www.fifa.com/marketinghighlights/brazil2013/social-responsibility/ [Accessed 26 March 2017]. Fifa, 2015. Anti-discrimination. [Online] Available at: https://www.fifa.com/sustainability/anti-discrimination.html [Accessed 26 March 2017]. FIFA, 2015. History of FIFA - Foundation. [Online] Available at: https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/history/ [Accessed 26 March 2017]. Fifa, 2015. Social responsibility. [Online] Available at: https://quality.fifa.com/en/Footballs/Quality-Programme-for-Footballs/Social-responsibility/ [Accessed 26 March 2017]. Fifa, 2016. Sustainability. [Online] Available at: https://www.fifa.com/sustainability/ [Accessed 26 March 2017]. Foose, A., 2016. Reevaluating Enterprise Ethics After the FIFA Corruption Scandal. [Online] Available at: https://www.securitymagazine.com/articles/86947-reevaluating-enterprise-ethics-after-the-fifa-corruption-scandal [Accessed 26 March 2017]. Moyles, C., 2012. FIFAs Humanitarian Aid and Corporate Social Responsibility. [Online] Available at: https://sites.duke.edu/wcwp/tournament-guides/world-cup-2014/fifa-institutional-politics/fifa-institutional-politics/ [Accessed 26 March 2017]. Sibilski, L., 2015. Can FIFA become a role model for sustainable development? [Online] Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2015/05/22/can-fifa-become-a-role-model-for-sustainable-development/ [Accessed 26 March 2017]. Sportindustry, 2016. The big interview: Fifa on sustainability. [Online] Available at: https://www.sportindustry.biz/features/big-interview-fifa-sustainability [Accessed 26 March 2017].

Digital Signature Service Occurrence †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Digital Signature Service Occurrence. Answer: Introduction: Across the digital medium, users are faced by many authenticity and integrity problems because of the pervasive nature of the internet. Moreover, users are forced to operate with other users who are unknown to them. These outcomes force users to use third party members to authenticate their operations, a function offered by DocuSign. Now, the company offers signature services across electronic documents which facilitate business operations among many other functionalities that require user verification. In essence, users will append verifiable signatures to the information they send to other users through the DocuSign portal, a feature that is encrypted with some of the best security protocols. However, this service was heavily exposed and breached in May (2017), when thousands of customer records were leaked by intruders(Ribeiro, 2014). First, two major forms of attack were conducted, the first still unknown based on its access procedure was the genesis of the problem as it exposed the necessary data to conduct the second attack. In the first attack, intruders were able to access customer records from DocuSign communication system. This information included records of names and contact address (including email). Furthermore, the intruders accessed the communication service used by the customers and the organization. Now, the communication service sent emails to customers alerting them on the documents they needed to sign as provided by their affiliate business partners or work members. Therefore, this communication services was the foundation of the DocuSign service. Nevertheless, the access granted through the first breach gave the intruders access to the said information which they used to send phishing emails to the customers, the second form of attack(Mann, 2017). DocuSign dismissed the attack as it hit the low-level systems which according to them had minimal confidential data that had zero financial records/information. Moreover, the organization claims to have alerted its customers of the impending danger after realising the breach which they also claim helped to contain the problem. However, according to security experts, the main problem outlined in this attack, was the facilitation made by the organization in helping the intruders access customers data and systems which were later used to target them. A serious security violation that targeted customers through legitimate communication systems. In all the attack was conducted in two steps; first, the attackers gained access to the company servers i.e. the communication system which held both the details of communication (email address) and the communication facility itself. Thereafter, the intruders sent customers phishing emails in which each customer was requested to open a word docume nt in need of their action (signature). Now, this word document when clicked directed the users to the intruders website where their confidential information was requested(Shu, 2017). Phishing attacks usually target users confidential information through duplication or replication techniques, where malware containing malicious applications or systems are sent to unsuspecting cyber systems users. In most cases, the targeting is done using communication channels such as messaging apps and email accounts. The intruders will send emails or messages to the users who naively click on them as they are disguised as the legitimate addresses to different functionalities of organizations (). After clicking the links, the users are sent to false accounts or systems that request, users information. In this incidence, the attack happened due to negligence where the host organization surrendered the information owned by its customers to intruders. In fact, without the assistance given to the intruders, the attack would never have happened(Impreva, 2012). However, the attack did also happen because of the users negligence, although filled with many legitimate procedures that would have tricked any vigilant customer, the attack would have been avoided using a watchful eye. Nevertheless, the verifiable accounts were used (DocuSign communication system) which included the companys logos, communication details and procedures. Therefore, the users would have only noticed the intrusion after clicking on the phishing email which then proceeded to ask for confidential information such as financial records. However, the organization did outline that the attack was a failed attempt as no users financial details were acquired(Mann, 2017). Targeting customer through phishing attacks can only be solved by user sensitization, this solution happens to be the most effective countermeasure as it prevents all attacks irrespective of the procedure used. Furthermore, it improves the chances of other technical solutions such as firewalls, access control and anti-malware firmware. Therefore, in the first solution (sensitization), the users are familiarised with the attack procedures used by the intruders where emails, messages and adware (pop-ups) are sent to users who click on them either intentionally or unintentionally. After clicking on the said content they are directed to the target systems. Therefore, by having this knowledge the users can be vigilant and avoid any material or link that directs and request any confidential information. Moreover, users should never provide information in any system unless it's completely verified(Parno, Kuo, Perrig, 2008). Technically, the solutions start with simple anti-malware applications that root out the phishing malware which provides the first line of defence. Todays anti-virus systems will alert the users in case their system is compromised more so, by unverifiable links or addresses. Secondly, we have access procedures and securing of end points which in this instance should have been done by DocuSign as they were the root of the problem. As an organization, DocuSign should re-evaluate its security procedures and policies as they were heavily compromised to grant the intruders access. In the future, they should have multiple access control procedures to limit illegal access to their systems(Jain Jinwala, 2015). Part B: May 2017 Ransomware attack (WannaCry) Ransomware represents malware attacks that target users information by placing systems on lockdown unless ransom payments are made. In essence, the user will fail to access their files and system as a disruption message is displayed on their computer screens requesting for the payment. Intruders using this form of attack will threaten to expose the said information to the public or destroy it which based on the value of the content will arguably push the user to pay the demanded amount. Similarly, the attack at hand was conducted to extort users, however, in this case, the affected came from different parts of the world an extensive intrusion that compromised global functionalities(Emling, 2017). According to cyber security experts, the May attack signalled the biggest cyber-attack in history as millions of users were affected worldwide by a new and revolutionary ransomware. Now, at the start of the intrusion, 100 countries were affected, an outcome that originated in the United States where the countrys cyber weapons were accessed by a rogue cyber hack team. This team gained access to a vital vulnerability in Windows system which propelled the attack across the world, but with heavy intrusions in the countries of Russia and England(News, 2017). Starting with Russia and England, the attack targeted different institutions and organizations which nearly crippled the services offered by the public sectors. In England for instance, the health industry was compromised as both employees and patients were unable to access service records through the NHS (National Health system) system. To the employees, they found ransom notes across their screens requesting for $300 payment so as to access their files. Subsequently, the patients also faced the same outcome with some failing to access vital medical procedures including surgeries as their medical records were unavailable for consultation(Islaim, 2017). However, Russia was the most hit as outlined by the multifaceted attacks that claimed casualties in different sectors of the country. To start with, the malware compromised the public sector by affecting several ministries of the country and including a state owned Railway Company. Furthermore, the attack also took down private organizations in the field of banking. In addition to this, the ransomware did also affect other countries such as Egypt, China and Spain where again the same outcome was experienced(Emling, 2017). Ransomware represents a group of malware attacks that compromise the system to demand payments or resources and like any other form of malware attacks, they will execute their attacks through the vulnerabilities exhibited in cyber systems. Similarly, the WannaCry targeted cyber systems through the vulnerabilities exposed by Windows systems. However, unlike other common attacks, the WannaCry intrusion was fuelled by serious operational procedures as developed by the National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States. Now, the NSA is known to have several cyber weapons tools which they store for national security procedures. In this case, the vulnerability at hand was known as EternalBlue and it affected Windows networking procedures through its messaging block i.e. SMB. In all, the SMB is an application protocol that resides within the application layer of the TCP/IP model where it facilitates communication of machines in networks(EMC, 2016). SMB will allow users to access files within networks where computers read and write files through the protocol. Moreover, the same protocol will enable computers to request services within networks. Its therefore, through this procedure that the vulnerability at hand worked. In the attack, the vulnerability was used to access the target machines which were remotely activated using an SMB handshake. After the access, the payload holding the ransomware program was loaded and activated into the target machine. On activation, the program started scanning for other networks connected to the infected machine and un-secured connections were used to spread the payload even further. Now, it is through this self-replicating procedure that the malware was able to successfully infect many machines across the globe(Islaim, 2017). WannaCry utilised a serious vulnerability in Windows systems which gave unsolicited access to users systems through the networks they were connected to such as the internet. However, prior to accessing the said vulnerability (EternalBlue), the machines connected to the networks needed to have unsecured access ports for the intruders to deliver the payload which subsequently targeted the said vulnerability. Therefore, the first step or method that would have been used to prevent the attack was to secure the access systems of networks. This outcome would have been done using several access procedures including access control and firewalls. These procedures would have limited the attacks by isolating the networks access ports(Burgess, 2017). Secondly, the vulnerability at hand should have been identified by the developers and users alike. The users through their security checks should have assessed the operating systems for any technical glitches which would have been used to develop a solution. Therefore, the attack was propelled by a poor security procedures/policies that failed to identify the threats facing the cyber system. Furthermore, the manufacturer failed to develop a competent system which affected millions of users worldwide, a common occurrence today as developers are more focused on product deployment as compared to security. Therefore, the first line of defence to the attack should have been secure systems as developed by the product developer including inbuilt firewall systems(Burgess, 2017). References Burgess. (2017). Everything you need to know about EternalBlue the NSA exploit linked to Petya. . 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PC world, Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://www.pcworld.com/article/3196902/security/digital-signature-service-docusign-hacked-and-email-addresses-stolen.html. Shu, C. (2017). DocuSign confirms customer email addresses were stolen and used in phishing campaign. Tech crunch, Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/15/docusign-confirms-customer-emails-were-stolen-and-used-in-phishing-campaign/.